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中國半導體行業協會:美國對人工智能的出口管制是搬起石頭砸自己的腳!

所屬地區:廣西 - 桂林 發布日期:2025-01-16

近日,美國拜登政府提出歷史上首個人工智能全球出口管制規則,將冷戰的零和博弈思維施加于人工智能,是赤裸裸的霸權行徑,是對全球科技發展歷史潮流的反動,勢必阻礙人工智能技術的健康發展。


  人工智能的使命是服務全人類,推動社會共同進步。人工智能技術的崛起,有賴于全球的科技協作,無數的科研人員、企業與機構共同推動了它的發展。拜登政府試圖憑借自身的暫時優勢,通過出口管制遏制他國發展,進而將人工智能成果據為己有,操縱人工智能技術的發展走向,實現對人工智能技術的壟斷,提升其霸權。這種行為不僅破壞了全球市場的公平競爭環境,而且阻斷了眾多國家借助人工智能改善民生、促進發展的道路,背離了科技造福人類的初衷,是在開歷史的倒車。


  拜登政府對人工智能的出口管制,必然會破壞人工智能產業的全球生態,使世界各國無法充分發揮自身優勢進行合作創新,導致人工智能的發展陷入困境,不僅損害他國的科技發展,也必將反噬美國自身。眾多美國高科技企業和相關行業協會前所未有地共同發聲反對這一管制規則,就充分說明了這一管制規則失道寡助、不得人心。需要指出的是,多年來中國科技發展進程中,打壓和封鎖是常態,中國產業界從不懼怕任何挑戰!我們有能力、有信心,和全球人工智能產業界一起合作,實現自主發展,為全球人工智能產業做出中國貢獻。美國是搬起石頭砸自己的腳!


  我們強烈呼吁全球科技產業同仁們共同抵制拜登政府的這一科技霸權行為,讓人工智能技術在自由交流與協作中釋放最大潛力,獲得更快發展。全球科技和產業界應加強溝通協作,攜手構建開放、公平的人工智能產業生態,讓人工智能成果惠及全人類,推動社會邁向更美好的未來。


【相關閱讀】


拜登政府發布人工智能出口管制新規

美國將發布人工智能(AI)出口管制措施

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人工智能可以提高市場效率,但也會帶來更多波動

世行博客 | 到底是誰在使用生成式人工智能?

全球首個!歐盟人工智能法案8月1日生效

孫凝暉:人工智能與智能計算的發展


【以下中文為自動翻譯,僅供參考,以英文原文為準】



根據美利堅合眾國憲法和法律賦予我作為總統的權力,特此命令如下:

第 1 節.目的。人工智能 (AI) 是我們這個時代的決定性技術。AI 的最新進展表明,它與國家安全的相關性迅速增長,包括在物流、軍事能力、情報分析和網絡安全方面。在美國構建人工智能將有助于防止對手訪問和使用強大的未來系統,從而損害我們的軍隊和國家安全。它還將使美國政府能夠繼續利用人工智能為國家安全任務服務,同時防止美國依賴其他國家的基礎設施來開發和運營強大的人工智能工具。

人工智能前沿的進步也將對美國的經濟競爭力產生重大影響。這些當務之急要求在所需的時間框架內在美國構建 AI 基礎設施,以確保美國在競爭者中處于領先地位,這些競爭對手已經在競相在 AI 開發和采用方面處于領先地位。在美國構建 AI 需要私營部門對基礎設施進行大量投資,尤其是訓練 AI 模型所需的高級計算集群以及為這項工作提供動力所需的能源基礎設施。AI 的電力和計算需求已經非常巨大,而且在未來幾年內將激增。這項工作還需要為構建 AI 基礎設施所需的關鍵組件(從建筑材料到高級電子產品)提供安全可靠的供應鏈。

這項命令使我們的國家走上了確保未來的前沿人工智能能夠而且將繼續在美國構建的道路。在建設國內人工智能基礎設施方面,我國還將提高其在為未來經濟提供動力所需的清潔能源技術方面的領導地位,包括地熱、太陽能、風能和核能;在美國培育一個充滿活力、有競爭力和開放的技術生態系統,讓小公司可以與大公司競爭;保持較低的消費者電價;并幫助確保 AI 基礎設施的發展使構建 AI 基礎設施的工作人員及其附近的社區受益。

通過這項命令,我提供了一項保護國家安全、保持我們的經濟競爭力、振興我們的能源基礎設施以及確保美國在人工智能領域的領導地位的計劃。

第 2 條。政策。美國的政策是根據五項指導原則在美國開發和運營人工智能基礎設施,包括數據中心。在采取本命令中規定的行動時,行政部門和機構(機構)應酌情遵守以下原則,并符合適用法律:

(a) 人工智能基礎設施的發展應促進美國的國家安全和人工智能領域的領導地位。實現這一目標需要聯邦政府與私營部門合作,采取措施推進人工智能發展并將人工智能用于未來的國家安全任務,包括通過 2024 年 10 月 24 日第 25 號國家安全備忘錄中描述的工作(推進美國在人工智能領域的領導地位;利用人工智能實現國家安全目標;以及促進人工智能的安全、保障和可信度) (NSM-25)。它還需要使用保護措施來改善開發、存儲和使用強大 AI 的實驗室的網絡、供應鏈和物理安全。此外,保護美國國家安全需要進一步的工作來評估和管理與未來前沿人工智能可能擁有的強大能力相關的風險。

(b) 人工智能基礎設施的發展應提高美國的經濟競爭力,包括通過培育一個充滿活力的技術生態系統。AI 已經在創造新的就業機會和行業,其影響正在整個經濟部門感受到。聯邦政府必須確保美國在全球經濟中保持競爭力,包括利用這項技術為所有美國人帶來的好處。它還必須促進公平、開放和有競爭力的 AI 生態系統,以便小型開發人員和企業家能夠繼續推動創新——這是 2023 年 10 月 30 日第 14110 號行政命令(安全、可靠和值得信賴的人工智能開發和使用)和 NSM-25 中強調的優先事項——以及為 AI 活動支持安全可靠的供應鏈基礎設施。

(c) 美國能夠而且應該在運營采用清潔能源的下一代人工智能數據中心方面引領世界。要實現這一目標,需要在最近取得的成功基礎上,實現我國能源基礎設施的現代化;改進許可流程;并支持對現有和新興清潔能源技術的投資和快速開發,例如地熱能、核能和用于儲存清潔能源的長期儲能,以及相關供應鏈。美國在支持國內外清潔能源技術的開發、商業化和運營方面不能被超越,人工智能基礎設施的快速建設為加速和部署這些能源技術提供了另一個重要機會。為了幫助確保新的數據中心電力需求不會奪走其他最終用戶的清潔電力、導致資源充足性問題或增加電網排放,AI 基礎設施的建設必須與新的清潔發電資源相匹配。

(d) 人工智能基礎設施的開發應在不提高美國消費者和企業能源成本的情況下進行,并且應該得到社區的大力支持。開發、商業化和部署 AI 的公司必須為構建 AI 運營所需的基礎設施提供資金,包括為這些運營構建下一代電力基礎設施的開發。

(e) 人工智能基礎設施的發展應該使那些致力于建設人工智能基礎設施的人受益。要實現這一目標,需要高勞工標準和保障措施來建設 AI 基礎設施,與受該基礎設施開發和運營影響的社區進行協商和密切合作,并持續努力降低風險和潛在危害。更廣泛的美國人民必須安全地享受人工智能生態系統技術創新帶來的收益和機會。

第 3 條。定義。就本命令而言:

(a) 術語“機構”是指 44 U.S.C. 3502(1) 中描述的每個機構,但 44 U.S.C. 3502(5) 中描述的獨立監管機構除外。

(b) 術語“AI 數據中心”是指主要用于開發或運營 AI 的數據中心。

(c) 術語“人工智能基礎設施”統指人工智能數據中心、為向數據中心輸送電能而采購的發電和存儲資源,以及為同一目的開發或升級的傳輸設施。

(d) 術語“人工智能模型”是指實施人工智能技術并使用計算、統計或機器學習技術從一組給定輸入生成輸出的信息系統的組成部分。

(e) 術語“清潔能源”或“清潔能源發電資源”是指在運營過程中產生少量或不排放二氧化碳的發電資源,包括與清潔儲存技術配合使用時。該術語包括地熱、核裂變、核聚變、太陽能、風能、水力發電、流體動力(包括潮汐能、波浪能和電流)和海洋能;以及使用化石燃料生產資源運行的碳捕集、利用和封存技術(碳捕集設備符合 26 C.F.R. 1.45Q-2(c) 中規定的定義),每年實現 90% 或更高的二氧化碳捕集率,并永久封存捕集的二氧化碳。

(f) 術語“清潔電力”是指由本節 (e) 小節中描述的發電資源產生的電力。

(g) 術語“清潔再發電”是指在具有現有互連點和使用化石燃料的發電源的地點選址新的清潔發電源的做法,以便現有發電源的部分輸出或容量被新的清潔發電源取代。

(h) 術語“關鍵電力基礎設施信息”與 18 C.F.R. 388.113(c) 中規定的含義相同。

(i) 術語“數據中心”是指用于存儲、管理、處理和傳播計算機網絡電子信息的設施,它包括由一個或多個永久性或半永久性結構組成的設施,或由該結構內的專用空間組成,并在固定位置持續運行的任何設施;用于容納信息技術設備,包括服務器、大型計算機、高性能計算設備或數據存儲設備;并且積極用于托管其他系統或其他設備上的用戶訪問的信息和信息系統。

(j) 術語“分布式能源”與 18 C.F.R. 35.28(b)(10) 中規定的含義相同。

(k) 術語“聯邦許可機構”是指根據《修復美國地面運輸 (FAST) 法案》(42 U.S.C. 4370m-1) 第 41002 節設立的聯邦許可改進指導委員會(許可委員會)的機構成員,以及有權頒發開發或運營 AI 基礎設施所需的聯邦許可或批準的任何其他機構。

(l) 術語“聯邦風險和授權管理計劃”是指為聯邦政府采用和使用云服務而設立的計劃,如 44 U.S.C. 3607-3616(根據 FedRAMP 授權法案,公法 117-263 第 5921 節頒布)而制定。

(m) 術語“前沿 AI 數據中心”是指能夠在合理的時間范圍內用于開發 AI 模型的 AI 數據中心,其特征與性能或開發中使用的計算資源相關,大致匹配或超過人工智能模型開發時的最新技術水平。

(n) 術語“前沿 AI 基礎設施”是指相關數據中心為前沿 AI 數據中心的 AI 基礎設施。

(o) 術語“前沿 AI 訓練”是指開發具有與性能或開發中使用的計算資源相關的特征的 AI 模型的行為,這些特征大致匹配或超過該 AI 模型開發時的最新技術水平。

(p) 術語“發電資源”是指發電設施。

(q) 術語“互連”、“互連設施”和“互連點”是指為了輸送電力而將發電資源或電力負載物理和電氣連接到電網的設施和設備,電網運營商已授予這些設施和設備運行所需的所有適當批準。

(r) 術語“實驗室安全措施”是指檢測、預防或減輕對數據中心運行、信息或存儲在其中的其他資產的完整性或未經授權訪問此類信息或資產的物理、網絡或其他威脅的步驟。

(s) 術語“尖端邏輯半導體”是指使用 CHIPS 激勵計劃資助機會通知 2023-NIST-CHIPS-CFF-01 定義的極紫外光刻工具大批量生產的半導體。

(t) 術語“模型權重”是指 AI 模型中的數值參數,有助于確定模型響應輸入的輸出。

(u) 術語“新來源審查”是指 40 C.F.R. 第 51 或 52 部分中具有此名稱的許可計劃。

(v) 術語“非聯邦方”是指根據本命令第 4(g) 節與國防部或能源部簽訂合同的私營部門實體。

(w) 術語“優先地熱區”是指內政部長指定的具有開發地熱發電資源潛力大的土地,包括根據本命令第 4(c) 節指定的土地。

(x) 術語“項目勞動協議”是指確定建筑項目條款和條件的雇傭前集體談判協議。

(y) 術語“剩余互連服務”與聯邦能源管理委員會第 845 號令中規定的含義相同。

(z) 術語“輸電設施”和“輸電基礎設施”是指用于輸送電力的設備或結構,包括輸電線路和相關設施。

(AA)術語“傳輸組織”是指區域傳輸組織或獨立系統運營商。

(bb)“輸電提供商”一詞是指管理或運營輸電設施以輸送主要由公眾使用的電能的實體,并且不是輸電組織。

(cc) 術語“美國水域”與 33 C.F.R. 328.3(a) 中規定的含義相同。

4. 為 AI 基礎設施建立聯邦站點。(a) 到 2025 年 2 月 28 日,國防部長和能源部長應盡可能在各自機構管理的聯邦土地上確定至少 3 個地點,這些地點可能適合各機構出租給非聯邦實體,用于建設和運營前沿人工智能數據中心,以及建設和運營為數據中心服務的清潔能源設施, 到 2027 年底。在確定這些地點時,每位部長應在可行和適當的情況下,尋求優先考慮具有以下特征的地點,這與到 2025 年底在每個地點完全批準和批準建設前沿人工智能數據中心的工作的目標相一致:

(i) 為前沿 AI 數據中心提供具有適當土地坡度、土壤耐久性和其他地形特征的足夠地形;

(ii) 最大限度地減少人工智能基礎設施開發或運營對當地社區健康、福祉和資源獲取的不利影響;自然或文化資源;受威脅或瀕危物種;以及與水力發電資源無關的港口或河流改善;

(iii) 靠近任何尋求托管 AI 基礎設施的社區,包括與當地工人獲得涉及設計、構建、維護和運營數據中心的工作有關的原因;

(iv) 隨時可訪問和靠近高壓輸電基礎設施,考慮到接入和接近以下位置,最大限度地減少開發互連 AI 基礎設施所需的任何傳輸升級或開發所需的規模、成本和時間:

(A) 本命令第 6 節所述的收集活動確定的具有未使用容量的高容量輸電基礎設施;

(B) 任何規劃中的發電設施,這些設施能夠將電力輸送到由每位部長各自機構管理的現場的 AI 數據中心,擁有與輸電提供商簽訂的已簽署的互連協議,沒有已簽署的購電協議,并且尚未開始建設;

(C) 內政部長根據本節 (c) 小節確定的任何土地;和

(D) 任何具有較高清潔再發電潛力的發電設施;

(v) 位于沒有持續未能達到國家環境空氣質量標準風險的地理區域內,并且根據環境保護署 (EPA) 的 2020 年 AirToxScreen,空氣污染造成的癌癥總風險等于或低于全國平均水平;

(vi) 不靠近美國水域,無法滿足許可要求;

(vii) 對與建設和運營人工智能基礎設施相關的土地使用或獲得此類活動所需的通行權缺乏廣泛限制;

(viii) 隨時接入高容量電信網絡;

(ix) 適合開發建設人工智能基礎設施所需的通道或其他臨時基礎設施;和

(x) 如果該網站被用于人工智能基礎設施或將其重新用于人工智能基礎設施,則缺乏其他特征,這些特征會損害相關部長與總統國家安全事務助理協商后確定的競爭性國家安全問題。

(b) 到 2025 年 3 月 15 日,內政部長通過土地管理局 (BLM) 局長,在與國防部長、能源部長和聯邦能源監管委員會主席協商后,應確定由 BLM 管理的地點,內政部長通過 BLM 主任行事, 認為可能適合向私營部門實體授予或頒發通行權,以建設和運營額外的清潔能源設施,這些設施正在或可能作為根據本節開發的 Frontier AI 基礎設施的組成部分而建造。在執行這項工作時,內政部長在與國防部長和能源部長協商后,應采取措施,確保在可行和適當的情況下,根據本小節確定的任何此類地點包括足夠的面積來開發清潔發電資源,這些資源可以向本節 (a) 小節確定的每個地點提供足夠的電力,以滿足后一個地點的前沿 AI 數據中心的容量需求。根據本小節確定的地點應包括由內政部管理的任何土地,該土地位于內政部長根據本節 (c) 小節指定的區域內,或初步確定為此類指定候選的地區。在確定地點的適用性時,內政部長通過 BLM 主任行事,應優先確定符合以下條件的地點:

(i) 包含已完成、允許或計劃中的清潔發電項目,這些項目可以實現本小節所述的電力輸送,并與輸電提供商簽訂了已簽署的互連協議;

(ii) 在 BLM 發布的《最終計劃環境影響報告》和《公用事業規模太陽能開發資源管理計劃修正案提案》中被分配為可用于太陽能應用,或在 BLM 資源管理計劃中被分配為可用于清潔能源應用;

(iii) 能夠合理地接入并位于現有高壓輸電線路附近,這些輸電線路至少有 1 吉瓦的額外容量可用,或者可以通過重新布線、電網增強技術或輸電升級合理開發此類容量;

(iv) 具有本節 (a)(i)-(x) 小節中描述的特征,其方式與在 2027 年底或之后允許運營公用事業規模電力設施的時間表內完全許可和批準建設公用事業規模電力設施的工作的目標一致;和

(v) 具有其他特性,有利于在這些地點進行新的清潔電力開發,以有助于降低區域電價或帶來其他社區利益。

(c) 到 2025 年 3 月 15 日,內政部長通過 BLM 主任行事并與能源部長協商,如果可能,應指定至少五個由內政部管理的土地或地下區域組成的區域作為優先地熱區 (PGZ)。內政部長應根據這些地區在地熱發電資源方面的潛力來指定這些地區,包括水熱和下一代地熱發電和儲熱;地質特征的多樣性;以及具有本節 (a)(i)-(x) 和 (b)(i)-(v) 小節中描述的特征。

(d) 國防部長、能源部長和內政部長應各自根據進行鑒定的部長的授權,就根據本節 (a) 和 (b) 小節確定的每個地點是否可供出租或酌情頒發通行權做出法律決定, 以及部長是否具有合法權力對或授予為建設前沿人工智能基礎設施而確定的每個地點或對每個地點的通行權。就本命令而言,如果相關部長已確定該地點可供出租,并且有關部長有權出租該地點,則該地點應被視為根據本小節“清理”。

(e) 到 2025 年 3 月 31 日,國防部長和能源部長應與任一部長認為適當的任何其他機構的負責人協調,以設計、啟動和管理來自非聯邦實體的競爭性公開招標,以租賃聯邦土地以建設前沿 AI 基礎設施,包括前沿 AI 數據中心, 在根據本節 (a) 小節確定并根據本節 (d) 小節清除的地點(如果有)。在發布招標時,部長應宣布根據本節 (a) 小節確定并根據本節 (d) 小節批準的地點(如果有),以及其他相關信息,包括地點的地理坐標、技術特征、與符合本節 (b) 小節確定并根據本節 (d) 小節批準的地點的距離, 以及其他相關信息。在符合適用法律的范圍內,以及部長同意此類要求促進國防、國家安全或公共利益的范圍內,招標應酌情要求申請人確定他們打算建設和運營前沿 AI 基礎設施的特定地點;提交一份詳細計劃,具體說明與此類建設工作相關的擬議時間表、融資方式和技術建設計劃,包括聯邦站點基礎設施退役的應急計劃;提交一份計劃,描述擬議的前沿 AI 訓練工作在投入運營后將在現場進行;提交一份計劃,詳細說明本節 (g)(viii) 小節所述的高勞動力和建筑標準的使用程度;并提交一份計劃,其中包含可能與前沿 AI 基礎設施的運營相關的擬議實驗室安全措施,包括人員和材料訪問要求。這些要求的設計應確保從申請人那里充分收集有關本節 (g)(i) -(xvi) 小節中標準的信息。征集應在發布后 30 天內結束。

(f) 在 2025 年 3 月 31 日之前,內政部長應與國防部長和能源部長協商,公布根據本節 (b) 小節確定并根據本節 (d) 小節批準的地點(如有),以及其他相關信息,包括場地的地理坐標、技術特征、與符合本節 (a) 小節確定并根據本節 (d) 小節批準的地點的距離, 以及其他相關信息。

(g) 在 2025 年 6 月 30 日之前,國防部長和能源部長應宣布通過本節 (e) 小節所述的招標確定的任何獲勝提案。在選擇任何獲勝提案時,國防部長和能源部長應在相互協商后,為獲勝者分配機會,以根據本節 (h) 小節中描述的框架在根據本節 (e) 小節發布的招標中包含的任何地點申請構建和運營前沿人工智能基礎設施所需的任何聯邦許可證, 在部長們認為適當的情況下。部長應就選擇對更廣泛的 AI 生態系統的競爭和市場結構特征的影響與總檢察長協商。我們鼓勵聯邦貿易委員會主席參加這些磋商。在符合適用法律的范圍內,并在部長評估該要求促進國防、國家安全或公共利益的范圍內,部長們應酌情選擇至少一項由兩個或多個中小型組織組成的財團聯合制定和提交的提案——由這些組織的市值決定, 收入或類似特征——前提是部長們至少收到一項符合適當資格的此類提案。秘書應酌情向尋求提交提案的中小型組織提供技術援助。選擇獲勝提案的標準應至少包括考慮申請人和任何已確定的合作伙伴組織的以下特征,前提是符合適用法律,并且部長們同意列出的特征酌情促進國防、國家安全或公共利益:

(i) 擬議的融資機制和為現場執行工作而擔?;蚩赡軗5馁Y金來源;

(ii) 確保申請人或第三方合作伙伴在現場執行高質量 AI 訓練操作的計劃;

(iii) 最大限度地提高能源、水和其他資源效率的計劃,包括在現場建設和運營 AI 數據中心時的廢熱利用、現場擬議能源總體規劃的強度以及對當地社區潛在壓力的分析質量;

(iv) 建議在現場實施的安全和安保措施,包括網絡安全措施,以及此類實施的能力;

(v) 適用的 AI 科學家、工程師和其他對 AI 基礎設施運營至關重要的勞動力的能力和敏銳度;

(vi) 將現場開發的適當知識產權(包括 AI 模型權重)商業化或以其他方式部署或推進部署的計劃,以及將在構建或運營 AI 基礎設施的過程中開發的發電和輸電基礎設施相關創新的商業化或以其他方式部署或推進部署的計劃;

(vii) 幫助確保 AI 基礎設施的建設和運營不會增加其他納稅人的電費或消費者的水費的計劃,包括酌情通過與任何適用的監管機構和州、部落或地方政府進行適當的提議或建議的未來合作;

(viii) 計劃使用高勞工標準,以幫助確保在現場進行連續和高質量的工作,例如支付現行工資;雇用注冊學徒;通過項目勞動協議促進積極的勞資關系;以及按照 2024 年 9 月 6 日第 14126 號行政命令(投資美國和投資美國工人)的規定,為建筑和運營勞動力采用高工作質量和勞動標準,以及解決與開發和使用人工智能相關的勞動相關風險的計劃;

(ix) 設計功能和運營控制和計劃,以減輕潛在的環境影響并實施強有力的社區健康、公共安全和環境保護措施;

(x) 對場地周圍的社區和電網基礎設施的其他好處;

(習) 完成類似建筑項目的經驗;

(xii) 遵守與 AI 基礎設施建設和運營相關的聯邦、州和地方許可和環境審查的經驗,或者,證明有能力以有效方式獲得和遵守此類許可或審查的其他證據;

(xiii) 存在組織和管理結構,以幫助確保對現場所執行的工作進行健全治理;

(xiv) 選擇申請人對出現可互操作、有競爭力的 AI 生態系統的影響;

(xv) 申請人是否已經被分配了機會,或者正在被分配另一個機會,通過本節中描述的招標流程在聯邦站點上構建前沿 AI 數據中心;和

(xvi) 國防部長和能源部長認為適當的國防、國家安全或公共利益(包括經濟安全)的其他考慮因素。

(h) 到 2025 年 6 月 30 日之前,國防部長和能源部長在與內政部長協商后,應各自制定一個框架,通過該框架,根據本節 (g) 小節選出的任何中標申請人可以申請分別根據本節 (a) 小節確定并根據本節 (d) 小節批準的租賃地點, 建設和運營人工智能基礎設施,申請人可以借此擁有這些地點的人工智能基礎設施,但須遵守本小節 (i)-(x) 小節所述的條件。在部長評估其符合國防、國家安全或公共利益的范圍內,這些框架應允許獲勝的申請人與其他適當的私營部門實體在建設和運營活動方面進行合作,包括通過合同和分包關系,并且這些框架不應要求提議擁有 AI 基礎設施的各方與提議運營 AI 基礎設施的各方相同?;A結構或在基礎結構所在的站點執行工作。聯邦實體根據框架采取的行動應符合管理和預算辦公室 (OMB) 通告 A-11 附錄 B 的任何適用要求和任何其他適當的預算評分做法;在計算任何此類租賃給承租人帶來的成本時,應考慮適用的實物對價。作為上述工作的一部分,國防部長和能源部長應在符合各自權限和國防、國家安全或公共利益(視情況而定)的范圍內,要求租賃或合同條款能夠實現以下目標:

(i) 確定申請人在 2026 年 1 月 1 日之前開始建設前沿人工智能數據中心的目標,并在 2027 年 12 月 31 日之前開始人工智能基礎設施的滿負荷運行,但須滿足相關法律法規要求,并以符合機會的方式盡早以滿負荷或低于滿負荷的方式運營基礎設施;

(ii) 要求在聯邦場地運營 Frontier AI 數據中心的同時,建設、擁有或運營 AI 基礎設施的非聯邦方已采購足夠的新清潔發電資源,這些資源具有容量價值,以滿足 Frontier AI 數據中心的計劃電力需求,包括提供與數據中心每小時用電時間相匹配的電力,并可交付給數據中心;

(iii) 澄清非聯邦當事方承擔支付本節 (h) 小節所述框架的當事方以及傳輸提供商或傳輸組織或非合同當事方的其他實體根據本條進行工作所產生的任何費用的所有責任,包括各機構為完成必要的環境審查而執行的工作費用, 根據本節 (g)(ii) 小節與采購清潔發電資源和容量相關的任何成本,在聯邦場地上停用 AI 基礎設施的任何成本,在聯邦場地上開發服務于前沿 AI 數據中心所需的傳輸基礎設施的任何成本,以及租賃和使用適用聯邦土地的公平市場價值;

(iv) 要求遵守網絡、供應鏈和物理安全的技術標準和準則,以保護和控制在現場或在現場執行工作過程中開發、獲取、修改、使用或存儲的任何設施、設備、裝置、系統、數據和其他財產,包括 AI 模型權重。商務部長通過美國國家標準與技術研究院 (NIST) 所長和 NIST 人工智能安全研究所 (AISI) 所長,與國防部長、能源部長和國家情報總監協商,確定根據本小節要求遵守的可用標準和準則。確定的標準應反映并納入商務部長通過 NIST 主任根據 2021 年 5 月 12 日第 14028 號行政命令(加強美國網絡安全)和 2023 年 11 月 1 日第 14110 號行政命令(人工智能的安全、可靠和值得信賴的開發和使用)制定的指南和最佳實踐。商務部長應通過 NIST 的 AISI 主任行事,通過制定前沿 AI 訓練和操作的安全指南來支持本節所述框架的持續改進,并且作為這項工作的一部分,應全面評估公開可用的 AI 模型的安全影響,商務部長, 通過 NIST 的 AISI 主任行事,認為具有全球意義;

(v)?要求擁有或運營前沿 AI 數據中心的非聯邦各方通過 NIST 的 AISI 主任與商務部長簽署諒解備忘錄,以促進對在現場或現場執行的工作過程中開發、獲取、修改、運行或存儲的 AI 模型進行協作研究和評估, 用于評估這些模型的國家安全或其他重大風險;

(vi)?要求非聯邦當事方酌情報告使用或參與現場 AI 基礎設施的開發(包括建設)、所有權或運營以及開發、運營或使用在此類 AI 基礎設施中運行的 AI 模型的任何人的投資或金融資本信息,以評估對國家安全的風險;并要求非聯邦各方限制國防部長或能源部長基于國家安全理由認為適當的任何人參與任何此類活動,或使用或參與任何此類投資或金融資本活動;

(vii) 要求在聯邦站點上擁有或運營 AI 數據中心的非聯邦各方采取適當措施,以推進利用 AI 的目標,并提供適當的保護措施,以實現國家安全、軍事準備和情報行動的目的,包括與 NSM-25 中概述的目標和工作相關的目標。這些步驟應與適用的法律機構保持一致,包括與聯邦政府合作,酌情定期對在聯邦站點上開發的 AI 模型的國家安全影響進行重復評估。此外,在適當且符合任何相關聯邦采購法律和法規的情況下,應要求非聯邦各方承諾以至少不低于當前市場費率的條件向聯邦政府提供此類模型的訪問權限以及此類模型衍生的關鍵資源,用于國家安全應用,這與 NSM-25 和相關框架一致,以推進國家安全中的 AI 治理和風險管理。在可行的情況下,應以防止供應商鎖定和支持互操作性的方式開發 AI 模型和源自它們的 AI 模型和資源提供給聯邦政府,包括與 OMB 備忘錄 M-24-18 第 5 節中的措施保持一致;

(viii) 要求在聯邦站點上擁有或運營前沿 AI 數據中心的非聯邦各方制定計劃,以非歧視性條款和最小化互操作性障礙的方式,提供非專門用于支持 Frontier AI 訓練或根據其他條款分配的計算資源,供初創公司和小公司用于商業用途, 用戶的 entry 或 exit;

(ix) 要求在聯邦站點上擁有或運營 AI 基礎設施的非聯邦各方在這些當事方為在聯邦站點上構建前沿 AI 數據中心而租賃的任何適當站點探索清潔能源資源的可用性,例如地熱發電資源和儲熱、與清潔能源配對的長期存儲、碳捕獲和封存,以及廢熱的有益利用站點或采購發電能力以服務于這些數據中心;和

(x) 要求在聯邦站點上擁有和運營前沿 AI 數據中心的 AI 開發人員在可行的最大范圍內采購適當份額(以貨幣價值衡量)在美國制造的領先邏輯半導體,用于其數據中心的開發;或者制定和實施一項計劃,但須經國防部長或能源部長的相應批準,以盡快使在美國制造的領先邏輯半導體有資格用于開發商的數據中心。國防部長和能源部長應與商務部長協商,制定任何此類要求,包括對可能被視為“適當”的尖端邏輯半導體數量的任何決定。

(i)?在本命令發布之日起 1 年內,根據適用法律,國防部長在與商務部長、能源部長、國土安全部長、國家情報總監和總統國家安全事務助理協商后,應發布法規,規定加強保護措施以保護所獲得的計算硬件, 根據需要在 Frontier AI 基礎設施所在的任何站點上開發、存儲或使用,這些站點由國防部管理,以實施或建立在第 4(g)(iv) 小節的目標或根據第 4(g)(iv) 小節確定的要求之上。這些法規應包括符合通過聯邦風險和授權管理計劃確定的適當高影響級別標準的要求,并且它們應進一步規定與適用當局一致的適當處罰。國防部長應至少每年與上述個人協商,審查更新法規的必要性,并公布任何必要的修訂。在法律授權的范圍內,能源部長應就能源部管理的地點上的前沿人工智能基礎設施施加實質相同的要求。

(j) 為了能夠使用已經受租約約束的聯邦土地,以推進地熱發電開發,包括蓄熱庫的開發:

(i) 在本命令發布之日起 180 天內,內政部長應制定一項計劃,并配備專門人員為 BLM 土地上地熱項目的直接使用租賃提供技術援助、簡化和以其他方式推進 BLM 土地上的直接使用租賃,包括符合《美國聯邦法規》第 43 卷第 3205 小節中規定的政策,以及在受采礦權或石油和天然氣租約約束的土地上租賃地熱項目的租賃。

(ii) 在為地熱項目頒發租約和相關授權時,內政部長應考慮《國家環境政策法》(NEPA)、42 U.S.C. 4321?及以下條款、《瀕危物種法》(16 U.S.C. 1531?)和其他適當法規的要求在多大程度上通過對租賃區域的事先分析得到滿足。

(k) 在執行本命令第 4 節所述的工作時,包括與選址和管理相關的工作,各聯邦機構的負責人應:

(i) 在適當且符合適用法律的情況下,與此類工作可能產生影響或以其他方式要求此類磋商的部落民族協商 2000 年 11 月 6 日的第 13175 號行政命令(與印第安部落政府的磋商和協調)和 2022 年 11 月 30 日的總統備忘錄(部落協商的統一標準);

(ii) 在適當且符合適用法律和行政政策的情況下,向州和地方政府以及此類工作可能產生影響的其他利益相關者和社區尋求意見;和

(iii) 考慮采取最有機會的行動來支持《安全和負責任地擴大美國核能:部署目標和行動框架》(2024 年 11 月)中描述的目標。

第 5 條。保護美國消費者和社區。(a) 在本命令發布之日起 180 天內,能源部長在與經濟顧問委員會主席和部長認為適當的其他機構負責人協商后,應向總統提交一份報告,說明 AI 數據中心對消費者和企業電價的潛在影響。本報告應包括適當的聯邦機構、州監管機構、輸電提供商和輸電組織的電價結構最佳實踐,以促進采購清潔能源發電資源作為 AI 基礎設施的組成部分,而不會通過成本分配流程或其他機制增加其他客戶的成本——特別是在已經或預計擁有 AI 基礎設施高度集中的地區——以及區域關鍵數據中心樞紐分析。該報告應進一步說明聯邦機構為就電價問題與輸電提供商和州監管機構合作而制定的任何現有方法。提交報告后,能源部長應與適當的私營部門實體合作,包括根據本命令第 4(g) 小節選出的獲勝申請人,了解報告的調查結果和建議。

(b) 能源部長應向州公用事業委員會提供技術援助,以考慮費率結構,包括清潔過渡關稅和本節 (a) 小節確定的任何其他適當結構,以使新的 AI 基礎設施能夠使用清潔能源,而不會導致電價或水價不必要地上漲。

(c) 能源部長和能源部長認為適當的其他適當機構的負責人應協調擴大與 AI 數據中心效率相關的研發工作。支持的研究和開發應酌情涵蓋與數據中心建筑相關的效率考慮因素,包括數據中心外殼;電氣系統;供暖、通風和制冷基礎設施;軟件;以及數據中心運營廢水熱量的有益用例。作為這項工作的一部分,商務部長和能源部長應向總統提交一份報告,確定各機構通過研發(包括服務器整合)提高全行業數據中心能源效率的適當方式;硬件效率;虛擬化;優化的冷卻和氣流管理;以及電源管理、監控和容量規劃。

(d) 在對聯邦站點上的 AI 基礎設施實施此命令時,相關機構的負責人應優先采取適當措施,以保持家庭、消費者和企業的低電力成本。

(e) 在本命令發布之日起 180 天內,OMB 主任在與環境質量委員會 (CEQ) 主席協商后,應評估公眾參與和政府參與開發數據中心潛在選址和能源相關基礎設施的最佳實踐,包括尋求潛在健康意見的做法, 附近社區的安全和環境影響和緩解措施。主任應向國防部長和能源部長提出建議,國防部長和能源部長應在可行和適當的情況下,為推進確保政府有效參與和有意義的公眾參與的目標,實施這些建議并將其納入其有關 AI 基礎設施的選址和相關決策過程。

第 6 條。促進聯邦站點的電網互連。(a) 在本命令發布之日起 60 天內,為了支持本命令第 4(e) 小節所述招標的任何中標申請人,能源部長應要求輸電提供商和輸電組織向部長報告有關盈余互連服務的信息;互連發電機的可用輸電容量;清潔再供電的機會;以及提議、規劃或發起建設清潔發電能力的項目,這些項目尚未完成建設,但已簽署發電并網協議。所要求的有關這些擬議、計劃或發起的項目的信息應包括每個此類清潔發電項目的規模、位置和發電技術,以及為使該項目的互連與互連協議保持一致而所需的任何傳輸升級的狀態和估計成本。部長應酌情促進此類剩余互連服務的所有者、有機會進行清潔再供電的設施或清潔發電機項目之間的溝通,并贏得本命令第 4(e) 小節所述招標的申請人。部長應進一步為傳輸提供商和傳輸組織制定適當的要求,以繼續持續報告本小節中描述的信息,并且在任何情況下不得少于每年報告一次。

(b) 在本命令發布之日起 120 天內,能源部長應酌情確定并傳達一份未充分利用的互連點的優先清單,這些點與聯邦站點的 AI 基礎設施相關,并顯示出與 AI 基礎設施相關的最高用途潛力。在制定此清單時,部長應指示輸電提供商和輸電組織確定最適合作為數據中心或其他人工智能基礎設施互連點的輸電網絡區域,這些基礎設施將使用輸電系統的電力,以及最適合清潔發電機互連為此類數據中心提供服務的位置,并考慮諸如最大限度地減少必要的傳輸升級需求等標準。適應這種互連和獲得清潔能源生產資源。

(c) 到 2025 年 6 月 30 日,能源部長應與國防部長協調,并酌情與內政部長和農業部長協商,與擁有、運營或維護位于被選為 AI 基礎設施的聯邦站點附近的輸電提供商和輸電組織合作,以確定任何電網升級, 到 2027 年底,部署高性能導體或電網增強技術等先進輸電技術、運營變更或預計將需要采取的其他措施,以將互連服務擴展到 AI 基礎設施。此類參與應在雙方認為適當的情況下繼續進行,并且他們應酌情優先考慮努力使用剩余的互連服務、清潔再供電以及其他加速轉向清潔能源和有益利用余熱的方法。這些參與還應包括考慮本小節所述工作的執行如何最有助于降低區域電價。

(d) 能源部長應分析目前可用的輸電基礎設施,服務于潛在地點,以及在本命令第 4(a) 小節確定并根據本命令第 4(d) 小節批準的情況下,開發建設和運營前沿人工智能數據中心所需的額外此類基礎設施的可能成本、可行性和時間表, 包括為前沿的 AI 數據中心提供清潔能源和容量。部長應從傳輸提供商和傳輸組織處識別并收集其認為對本小節要求的分析必要的信息。部長應酌情將此類信息視為關鍵的電力基礎設施信息。

第 7 條。迅速處理聯邦站點的許可證。(a) 聯邦許可機構負責人應優先考慮工作并酌情行使所有適用權力,以加快處理在聯邦場地上建設和運營 AI 基礎設施所需的許可證和批準,目標是在 2025 年底之前或根據適用法律盡快頒發建設所需的所有許可證和批準。作為這項工作的一部分,許可委員會可以酌情協調聯邦站點上 AI 基礎設施的許可,前提是 AI 基礎設施的相關開發人員根據 42 U.S.C. 4370m-2 提交了擬議的涵蓋項目的啟動通知,并且該項目被許可委員會確定為此類涵蓋項目。

(b) 為了促進 NEPA 對聯邦場地的要求的快速實施:

(i) 國防部長、內政部長和能源部長應在各自的機構內確定專門對在聯邦站點建設和運營 AI 基礎設施的項目進行 NEPA 審查的人員。

(ii) 國防部長在與內政部長、農業部長、商務部長和能源部長協商后,應根據專題對人工智能數據中心的建設和運營所涉及的環境影響以及減輕這些影響的機會進行計劃性環境審查, 以及國防部長認為適當的 AI 基礎設施的其他組件。審查應在本命令第 4(e) 小節所述的招標結束之日或此后盡快結束,并公布所有適當的文件。審查應在適用的情況下,通過引用納入先前開發的環境研究、調查和影響分析,包括本命令第 4(b)(ii) 小節中描述的分析。

(iii) 在本節 (b)(ii) 小節中描述的計劃審查結束后,國防部長、內政部長、能源部長和其他相關機構的負責人(視情況而定)應開始根據 NEPA 要求的任何進一步環境審查,以在聯邦場地建設和運營 AI 基礎設施, 包括通過應用任何可用的分類排除項。此類審查應酌情建立在根據本節 (b)(ii) 小節進行的計劃性環境審查以及部長認為適當的任何其他研究、調查和影響分析的基礎上或通過引用納入。

(c) 為了推進快速施工前許可并確保完全符合 AI 基礎設施的空氣質量許可要求,EPA 署長在與國防部長和能源部長協商后,應:

(i) 在根據本命令第 4(g) 小節選擇獲勝申請后 30 天內,酌情與對選定用于 AI 基礎設施的地點具有管轄權的州和地方許可機構合作,以加強有關當局對 AI 基礎設施項目的技術特征的理解,這些特征與根據《清潔空氣法》進行的新來源審查有關, 42 U.S.C. 7401?et seq.,并加強公眾對上述內容的理解,并促進在聯邦站點上運行的 AI 開發人員獲取有關快速獲得空氣質量許可證的最佳實踐的信息;

(ii) 繼續與州和地方許可機構合作,并持續酌情為在聯邦站點運營的 AI 開發人員提供技術援助,以幫助推動快速完成新來源審查并遵守新來源審查;和

(iii) 在開發商獲得所有施工前空氣質量許可證后,采取措施,持續并酌情確保在聯邦工地運營的 AI 開發商遵守適用于其各自項目的運營空氣質量許可證的所有要求;證明合規性所需的信息(可能包括空氣監測數據)已公開提供并定期更新;并確定了有關聯邦站點 AI 基礎設施的空氣排放減少和空氣質量監測的最佳實踐。

(d) 為幫助確保與美國水域以及港口和河流改善相關的許可或許可程序迅速進行,國防部長應酌情優先考慮處理美國陸軍工程兵團 (USACE) 根據《清潔水法》(33 U.S.C. 1251?et seq) 管理的許可證申請。,并根據 1899 年 3 月 3 日法案 (33 U.S.C. 408) 第 14 節處理適當項目的許可申請,以在 2025 年底之前或盡快根據法定要求確定與聯邦站點上的 AI 基礎設施相關的任何此類許可或許可。部長應根據適用法律,優先向 USACE 地區辦事處分配資源,并根據遵守本指令的需要指導此類辦公室內的資源分配。部長應在適當的情況下進一步應用適用于 AI 基礎設施的所有一般許可,以促進在此類聯邦站點上快速獲得許可。

(e) 在根據本命令第 4(g) 小節選擇任何獲勝申請后的 30 天內,國防部長和能源部長應根據所選地點啟動適用和適當的部落磋商。在收到足夠的項目信息后,國防部長和能源部長應進一步啟動與內政部長的磋商,通過美國魚類和野生動物管理局 (USFWS) 局長行事,以確保在本命令第 4(a) 小節確定的每個地點建設和運營人工智能基礎設施, 根據本命令第 4(d) 小節獲得批準,并隨后根據本命令第 4(g) 小節的勝訴申請被選為人工智能基礎設施建設和運營地點的地點,不太可能危及任何瀕危物種或受威脅物種的持續存在,也不太可能導致此類物種的關鍵棲息地的破壞或不利改變。國防部長和能源部長應在可行且符合法定要求的情況下,在開始此類磋商后 90 天內,在可行的最大范圍內與 USFWS 結束此類磋商。

(f) 推進地熱能生產和儲熱的發展,包括支持聯邦站點的人工智能基礎設施:

(i) 在本命令發布之日起 60 天內,內政部長應按主題對地熱發電廠的建設和運營所涉及的環境影響和相關緩解措施進行計劃性環境審查。

(ii) 在本節 (f)(i) 小節所述的審查完成之日之前,內政部長應在部長指定的一年內確定允許或運營的地熱項目的目標累積容量。

(iii) 在本命令發布之日起 60 天內,內政部長應評估其他機構的 NEPA 程序中列出的現有分類排除,這些排除可能適用于與地熱能開發有關的行動。部長應建議采用此類分類排除,因為部長在與 NEPA 程序列出分類排除的機構負責人協商后,認為適當,并在考慮了通過適用的公眾意見流程收到的所有意見后,根據 NEPA 和 40 C.F.R. 第 1500-1508 部分的要求,采取任何行動,根據收到的意見采用適當的分類排除。部長應優先考慮對 PGZ 的快速許可地熱項目,包括根據本小節通過的任何適當的分類排除。部長應優先考慮在PGZ上迅速批準地熱項目的工作,高于本節(f)(i)小節所述的工作。

(iv) 在為 PGZ 的地熱項目頒發租約和相關授權時,內政部長應以允許符合適用法律的地熱發電廠盡早運營的方式滿足 NEPA 和《瀕危物種法》的要求。

(v) 國防部長、內政部長和能源部長應酌情協調,以確定和澄清在國防部或能源部管轄的撤離土地上開發或擴大清潔能源發電資源(包括地熱能發電資源)的租約或轉租的適當程序。

第 8 條。確保聯邦站點有足夠的輸電基礎設施。(a) 能源部長在與國防部長和內政部長協商后,應采取措施,使聯邦站點的人工智能基礎設施能夠可靠地訪問足以運營前沿人工智能數據中心的傳輸設施。

(b) 為了促進位于或為支持具有 AI 基礎設施的聯邦站點所需的輸電基礎設施的任何必要升級和發展,能源部長在通過 BLM 主任和 USFWS 主任與內政部長協商后,應:

(i) 在 2025 年 9 月 30 日之前,確定并開始使用所有適當的機構來建設、資助、促進和規劃此類升級和開發,包括通過西部地區電力管理局管理的輸電基礎設施計劃;和

(ii) 優先分配人員和資源,以開發支持聯邦站點人工智能基礎設施所需的輸電基礎設施,并在此過程中,酌情從能源部內的任何部門為此目的分配相關人員和資源,以符合本命令和適用法律的要求和目標。

(c) 由于前沿人工智能基礎設施(包括傳輸能力)對國防工業基地、關鍵基礎設施和軍事準備的重要性:

(i) 能源部長應考慮在聯邦站點上預期使用前沿人工智能數據中心,作為部長根據《聯邦電力法》第 216(a)(1) 節 (16 U.S.C. 824p(a)(1)) 對輸電容量限制和擁堵進行三年一次的研究的一部分。

(ii) 根據《聯邦電力法》第 216(a)(2) 節 (16 U.S.C. 824p(a)(2)) 的要求,并根據本節 (c)(i) 小節所述的輸電容量限制和擁堵的未來研究中得出的任何發現,部長應考慮是否將聯邦站點上前沿 AI 基礎設施周圍的地理區域指定為國家利益輸電走廊。

(d) 能源部長應酌情幫助確保升級或開發傳輸設施以支持聯邦站點的人工智能數據中心:

(i) 旨在支持所有合理可預見的電力負載,包括通過部署電網增強技術、高性能導體和其他先進輸電技術,包括能源部創新電網部署提升報告中描述的技術,這將及時且具有成本效益地提高輸電設施的能力;和

(ii) 符合導體效率標準或部長認為將優化設施性能和成本效益的其他技術標準或標準。

(e) 提高前沿人工智能基礎設施關鍵電網設備的及時可用性,例如變壓器、斷路器、開關設備和電纜,并保護電力消費者免受設備價格上漲的影響:

(i) 在本命令發布之日起 90 天內,國防部長、商務部長和能源部長應與此類技術的國內供應商共同協商,了解聯邦場所人工智能基礎設施的預期需求、供應商的當前生產計劃以及政府在幫助供應商滿足市場需求方面獲得支持的機會。

(ii) 在本命令發布之日起 180 天內,能源部長應促進由行業主導的變壓器和其他關鍵電網組件會議,其中應包括來自機構、輸電供應商和輸電組織、變壓器國內供應商、數據中心開發商和其他私營部門組織的適當代表。在與行業主導的會議的參與者協商后,部長應持續:

(A) 至少每年制定和發布變壓器供需預測,包括對不同變壓器型號的預測和對不同未來情景下供需趨勢的分析,其中應包括人工智能基礎設施和其他需求來源的電力需求增長情景;和

(B) 考慮并酌情執行變壓器和其他關鍵電網組件的采購,以便為國內制造商提供需求確定性,以投資于滿足 AI 基礎設施需求的能力。執行此類采購的任何決定均應基于經濟或其他行業數據,包括國內變壓器或其他元件供應商的產能利用率,部長認為這些數據與評估國內行業的狀況有關。隨后,部長應根據這些數據在其認為適當的時間執行任何購買的變壓器或其他關鍵電網組件的銷售。

(f)?在本命令發布之日起 180 天內,能源部長應要求輸電提供商和輸電組織向部長報告輸電相關信息,以協助選址和加速發電資源的互連,為根據本命令第 4(a) 節確定并根據本命令第 4(d) 小節批準的站點提供服務。此類信息可能包括傳輸擁塞數據,以幫助確定在哪些方面增加傳輸投資可以開發額外的傳輸容量來為此類 AI 數據中心提供服務。

(g) 在本命令發布之日起 180 天內,擁有貸款或貸款擔保機構的機構負責人應評估是否可以使用任何此類機構來支持聯邦站點上 AI 基礎設施的開發,包括本節 (e) 小節所述的關鍵電網設備的生產,或采取其他行動加強 AI 基礎設施供應鏈。如果任何機構可用且適合用于此目的,相關機構的負責人應將該信息提供給聯邦站點上 AI 基礎設施的開發人員或其他適當的私營部門實體。

第 9 條。在全國范圍內加強許可和電力采購。(a) 聯邦許可機構的負責人應就其每個組成機構指定專職工作人員來處理與 AI 基礎設施的許可和批準相關的所有事務。此類指定應包括專門協調和解決相應機構職權范圍內的許可證申請人需求的人員。在指定此類人員時,聯邦許可機構負責人應酌情實施人員配置安排和其他機制,以最大程度地加快 AI 基礎設施的許可。

(b) 根據 NEPA 改進審查做法:

(i) 在本命令發布之日起 60 天內,聯邦許可機構負責人應與 CEQ 主席協調,評估現有的分類排除,并確定建立新的分類排除以支持聯邦站點上的 AI 基礎設施的機會,符合 NEPA 和 40 CFR 第 1500-1508 部分的要求。鼓勵 NEPA 法規包括與光纖電纜相關的分類排除的機構負責人在進行這些評估時,評估此類分類排除是否可以應用于用于 AI 基礎設施的光纖電纜的開發。

(ii) 在本命令發布之日起 120 天內,聯邦許可機構負責人應在適當且符合適用法律的情況下,提出任何新的分類排除,并在考慮通過適用的公眾意見流程收到的所有意見后,采取任何行動,根據收到的意見確定適當的分類排除。

(iii) 在本命令發布之日起 120 天內,根據本命令第 7 節中描述的指令,國防部長、內政部長、農業部長和能源部長應確定其他機構的 NEPA 程序中列出的與清潔能源發展相關的任何現有分類排除, 電力傳輸或 AI 數據中心,并采取任何適當措施在適當且符合 NEPA 和 40 C.F.R. 第 1500-1508 部分的要求的情況下采用此類分類排除。國防部長、內政部長、農業部長和能源部長應采取任何適當措施,在符合 NEPA 和 40 C.F.R. 第 1500-1508 部分的要求的情況下,對聯邦站點上的 AI 基礎設施采用和應用此類分類排除。

(c) 在本命令發布之日起 180 天內,能源部長應發布有關現有發電廠加速互連機會的信息請求,包括與盈余互連服務和清潔再供電相關的信息。該請求應尋求有關此類具有剩余互連服務的發電廠的所有權以及這些發電廠是否適合將新的清潔發電資源與共享電網接入共置的詳細信息。

(d) 在本命令發布之日起 90 天內,能源部長應向私營部門實體(包括輸電提供商、輸電組織和清潔能源開發商)發出有關負荷互連過程的信息請求。隨后,部長應與傳輸提供商和傳輸組織就最佳實踐進行接觸,以提高此類流程的透明度和效率,包括通過采用新技術、軟件和程序。部長應酌情提供技術援助和財政援助,以促進此類采用。部長應在本命令發布之日起 1 年內發布一份報告,說明這項工作的結果。

(e)?為促進核能發電資源的快速、負責任的開發,國防部長和能源部長應:

(i) 尋求在國防部和能源部分別擁有的土地上部署額外的核電和供應鏈服務(包括國防部設施和能源部國家實驗室擁有或管理的場地),方法是酌情并符合適用法律,在存在此類機會的范圍內,確定在特定土地上部署核電的機會,以及僅就能源部長而言,通過評估對此類部署的財政支持是否適當;

(ii) 在本命令發布之日起 180 天內,協調發布一份包含 10 個高優先級場址的聯合名單,或者,如果存在少于 10 個合適的場址,則公布盡可能多的場址,這些場址可能與根據本命令第 4 節確定和批準的場址重疊,這些場址最有利于在 12 月 31 日之前迅速、安全和負責任地部署隨時可用的額外核電容量,以滿足 AI 數據中心的電力需求, 2035 年,考慮了包括聯邦、州、部落和地方法令在內的因素;許可和其他監管要求;取水;氣候適應力和自然災害風險;以及傳輸和互連動態;和

(iii) 在本命令發布之日起 1 年內,發布聯合計劃或各自計劃,說明每位部長將如何促進在任何此類地點部署本小節所述的額外核電容量。任何此類計劃均應涉及選擇適當的核反應堆技術;相關技術或設施的許可和許可;每位部長將采取何種方法,以確保安全和負責任地將鈾和任何其他放射性材料運輸到該地點;每位部長將采取何種方法,以確保安全和負責任地儲存或處置任何乏核燃料;工廠停止運營后根據需要對場地進行修復;以及確保部署將保護公眾健康、安全和環境的任何其他必要措施,符合所有適用的法律要求和題為“安全和負責任地擴大美國核能:部署目標和行動框架”(2024 年 11 月)的文件的原則;和

(iv) 根據本小節執行行動時,請遵守本命令第 4(k) 節的指示。

(f)?在本命令發布之日起 180 天內,商務部長應在與國防部長、能源部長和白宮供應鏈彈性委員會協商后,向總統提交一份關于適用于美國數據中心行業的供應鏈風險的報告。該報告應包括對與用于建造和維護數據中心的材料、運營數據中心所需的電子設備和新興數據中心技術相關的供應鏈風險的分析,以及聯邦政府為解決已識別風險而采取的建議步驟。該報告還應包括對適用于 AI 數據中心所需的發電和輸電基礎設施的供應鏈風險的分析。商務部長應持續酌情與私營部門合作,以識別可能破壞美國人工智能基礎設施行業成功的新興供應鏈風險(這種成功包括該行業對新興技術的商業化),并提出解決已識別風險的政策解決方案。

(g) 在本命令發布之日起的 180 天內,為促進快速、負責任地開發和部署支持 AI 基礎設施開發和運營的分布式能源解決方案,能源部長應制定使用分布式能源資源 (DER) 的示范合同,以提高當地電網支持 AI 基礎設施的能力。在制定此類合同時,部長應考慮經濟高效地使用 DER 的選項,包括配電現場的發電資源、儲能資產和靈活管理電力需求的機會。合同范本應酌情包括條款,規定數據中心所有者為其他實體在開發、安裝和運營 DER 時產生的成本提供資金,這與公用事業公司在處理數據中心所有者的互連申請時為這些融資活動進行核算的目標一致。

(h) 到 2025 年 7 月 31 日,許可委員會應與 AI 基礎設施的開發商合作,以增進他們對《修復美國地面交通法案》(公法 114-94)第 41 條下可用資源的了解,以加快作為聯邦站點 AI 基礎設施一部分的清潔能源項目的許可流程和審查。作為這項工作的一部分,許可委員會與 2024 年 10 月 29 日宣布的白宮 AI 數據中心基礎設施工作組協商后,應努力讓 AI 基礎設施的小型開發人員參與進來。

(i) 在本命令發布之日起 180 天內,陸軍部長應通過美國陸軍工程兵團總司令和司令部,根據適用法律評估現有的全國性許可證 (NWP),以確定如何應用這些許可證來促進人工智能數據中心的建設,并制定和公布可以促進此類建設的全國性許可證清單。陸軍部長通過美國陸軍工程兵團的工程師總長和司令行事,應在適當且符合適用法律的情況下,盡可能方便地隨后建立此類新的 NWP。

(j) 在本命令發布之日起 60 天內,能源部長應發布 AI 數據中心的報告要求草案以征詢公眾意見,涵蓋 AI 數據中心開發和運營的所有階段,包括材料提取、組件制造、運輸、施工、運營、回收和報廢,涉及隱含溫室氣體排放、用水以及過熱或能源支出, 與溫室氣體排放的運營強度不同。

(k) 在本命令發布之日起 60 天內,能源部長應與 EPA 署長和 CEQ 主席協調,制定一項重大挑戰,呼吁適當的私營部門和其他利益相關者采取自愿行動,目的是:

(i) 設定目標,使 AI 數據中心的用電效率比和水使用效率比最小化,目標是將聯邦站點的 AI 數據中心的用電效率比降至 1.1 以下;

(ii) 推廣有益利用余熱的最佳實踐和其他努力,以最大限度地提高效率;

(iii) 推廣數據中心能源管理的最佳實踐以及數據中心的可持續設計和運營實踐,以避免或減少對自然和文化資源及社區的不利影響,并保護公眾健康和環境;

(iv) 提高人工智能開發人員和用戶對不同計算任務的相對能量強度的認識;和

(v) 制定軟件和算法效率的最佳實踐和標準。

第 10 條。海外參與。(a) 在本命令發布之日起 90 天內,國務卿在與國防部長、商務部長、能源部長、美國國際開發署署長、總統國家安全事務助理以及國務卿認為適當的其他相關機構負責人協商后, 應制定一項計劃,讓盟友和合作伙伴參與加速在全球范圍內構建可信的 AI 基礎設施。此類計劃應包括促進全球建設可信 AI 基礎設施合作的措施;減輕和防止對當地和受影響社區的傷害;讓私營部門和投資者社區參與進來,以識別和減少 AI 基礎設施投資的障礙;支持部署商用可靠的清潔能源以及新興清潔能源技術的開發和商業化,例如小型模塊化核反應堆;交流許可、電力采購和培養人才以構建、運營和維護可信 AI 基礎設施的最佳實踐;并加強與 AI 基礎設施相關的網絡、物理和供應鏈安全保障措施。在本命令發布之日起 1 年內,國務卿應向總統國家安全事務助理提交一份關于根據本計劃采取的行動的報告。

(b) 在本命令發布之日起 120 天內,總統國家安全事務助理應召集有關機構的負責人,包括國務卿、財政部長、商務部長、能源部長、美國國際開發金融公司首席執行官、 以及美國進出口銀行行長(Export-Import Bank of the United States),負責確定和實施行動,以促進美國與先進核技術和相關供應鏈服務相關的海外出口和參與。

第 11 條??倓t。(a) 本命令中的任何內容均不得解釋為損害或以其他方式影響:

(i) 法律授予行政部門或機構或其負責人的權力;或

(ii) 管理和預算辦公室主任與預算、行政或立法提案有關的職能。

(b) 本命令的實施應符合適用法律,并視撥款的可用性而定。

(c) 本命令無意也不會產生任何一方在法律或衡平法上可強制執行的任何實質性或程序性權利或利益,任何一方針對美國、其部門、機構或實體、其官員、雇員或代理人或任何其他人。

小約瑟夫·拜登

白宮,

1月14日, 2025年.


By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered as follows: ?

Section 1. ?Purpose. ?Artificial intelligence (AI) is a defining technology of our era. ?Recent advancements in AI demonstrate its rapidly growing relevance to national security, including with respect to logistics, military capabilities, intelligence analysis, and cybersecurity. ?Building AI in the United States will help prevent adversaries from gaining access to, and using, powerful future systems to the detriment of our military and national security. ?It will also enable the United States Government to continue harnessing AI in service of national-security missions while preventing the United States from becoming dependent on other countries’ infrastructure to develop and operate powerful AI tools.

Advances at the frontier of AI will also have significant implications for United States economic competitiveness. ?These imperatives require building AI infrastructure in the United States on the time frame needed to ensure United States leadership over competitors who, already, are racing to take the lead in AI development and adoption. ?Building AI in the United States requires enormous private-sector investments in infrastructure, especially for the advanced computing clusters needed to train AI models and the energy infrastructure needed to power this work. ?Already, AI’s electricity and computational needs are vast, and they are set to surge in the years ahead. ?This work also requires secure, reliable supply chains for critical components needed to build AI infrastructure, from construction materials to advanced electronics.

This order sets our Nation on the path to ensure that future frontier AI can, and will, continue to be built here in the United States. ?In building domestic AI infrastructure, our Nation will also advance its leadership in the clean energy technologies needed to power the future economy, including geothermal, solar, wind, and nuclear energy; foster a vibrant, competitive, and open technology ecosystem in the United States, in which small companies can compete alongside large ones; maintain low consumer electricity prices; and help ensure that the development of AI infrastructure benefits the workers building it and communities near it. ?

With this order, I provide a plan for protecting national security, preserving our economic competitiveness, revitalizing our energy infrastructure, and ensuring United States leadership in AI.

Sec. 2. ?Policy. ?It is the policy of the United States to enable the development and operation of AI infrastructure, including data centers, in the United States in accordance with five guiding principles. ?When undertaking the actions set forth in this order, executive departments and agencies (agencies) shall adhere to these principles, as appropriate and consistent with applicable law:

(a)? The development of AI infrastructure should advance United States national security and leadership in AI. ?Meeting this goal will require steps by the Federal Government, in collaboration with the private sector, to advance AI development and use AI for future national-security missions, including through the work described in National Security Memorandum 25 of October 24, 2024 (Advancing the United States’ Leadership in Artificial Intelligence; Harnessing Artificial Intelligence to Fulfill National Security Objectives; and Fostering the Safety, Security, and Trustworthiness of Artificial Intelligence) (NSM-25). ?It will also require the use of safeguards to improve the cyber, supply-chain, and physical security of the laboratories at which powerful AI is developed, stored, and used. ?Additionally, protecting United States national security will require further work to evaluate and manage risks related to the powerful capabilities that future frontier AI may possess.

(b)? The development of AI infrastructure should advance United States economic competitiveness, including by fostering a vibrant technology ecosystem. ?Already, AI is creating new jobs and industries, and its effects are being felt in sectors across the economy. ?The Federal Government must ensure that the United States remains competitive in the global economy, including through harnessing the benefits of this technology for all Americans. ?It must also promote a fair, open, and competitive AI ecosystem so that small developers and entrepreneurs can continue to drive innovation — a priority highlighted in both Executive Order 14110 of October 30, 2023 (Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence), and NSM-25 — as well as to support secure, reliable supply-chain infrastructure for AI activities.

(c)? The United States can and should lead the world in operating the next generation of AI data centers with clean power. ?Meeting this goal will require building on recent successes to modernize our Nation’s energy infrastructure; improve permitting processes; and support investments in, and expeditious development of, both currently available and emerging clean energy technologies, such as geothermal energy, nuclear energy, and long-duration energy storage used to store clean energy, as well as relevant supply chains. ?The United States must not be surpassed in its support for the development, commercialization, and operation of clean energy technologies at home and abroad, and the rapid buildout of AI infrastructure offers another vital opportunity to accelerate and deploy these energy technologies. ?To help ensure that new data center electricity demand does not take clean power away from other end users, result in resource adequacy issues, or increase grid emissions, the construction of AI infrastructure must be matched with new, clean electricity generation resources.

(d)? The development of AI infrastructure should proceed without raising energy costs for American consumers and businesses, and it should have strong community support. ?The companies developing, commercializing, and deploying AI must finance the cost of building the infrastructure needed for AI operations, including the development of next-generation power infrastructure built for these operations. ?

(e)? The development of AI infrastructure should benefit those working to build it. ?Meeting this goal will require high labor standards and safeguards for the buildout of AI infrastructure, consultation and close collaboration with communities affected by this infrastructure’s development and operation, and continuous work to mitigate risks and potential harms. ?The American people more broadly must safely enjoy the gains and opportunities from technological innovation in the AI ecosystem.

Sec. 3. ?Definitions. ?For purposes of this order:

(a)? The term “agency” means each agency described in 44 U.S.C. 3502(1), except for the independent regulatory agencies described in 44 U.S.C. 3502(5).

(b)? The term “AI data center” means a data center used primarily with respect to developing or operating AI.

(c)? The term “AI infrastructure” refers collectively to AI data centers, generation and storage resources procured to deliver electrical energy to data centers, and transmission facilities developed or upgraded for the same purpose.

(d)? The term “AI model” means a component of an information system that implements AI technology and uses computational, statistical, or machine-learning techniques to produce outputs from a given set of inputs.

(e)? The term “clean energy” or “clean energy generation resources” means generation resources that produce few or no emissions of carbon dioxide during operation, including when paired with clean storage technologies. ?This term includes geothermal, nuclear fission, nuclear fusion, solar, wind, hydroelectric, hydrokinetic (including tidal, wave, and current), and marine energy; and carbon capture, utilization, and storage technologies (for which the carbon capture equipment meets the definition set forth in 26 C.F.R. 1.45Q-2(c)) that operate with fossil fuel generation resources, that achieve carbon dioxide capture rates of 90 percent or higher on an annual basis, and that permanently sequester the captured carbon dioxide.

(f) ?The term “clean power” means electricity generated by the generation resources described in subsection (e) of this section.

(g)? The term “clean repowering” means the practice of siting new clean generation sources at a site with an existing point of interconnection and generation sources operating with fossil fuels, such that some output or capacity from existing generation sources is replaced by the new clean generation sources.

(h)? The term “critical electric infrastructure information” has the same meaning as set forth in 18 C.F.R. ?388.113(c).

(i)? The term “data center” means a facility used to store, manage, process, and disseminate electronic information for a computer network, and it includes any facility that is composed of one or more permanent or semi-permanent structures, or that is a dedicated space within such structure, and operates persistently in a fixed location; that is used for the housing of information technology equipment, including servers, mainframe computers, high-performance computing devices, or data-storage devices; and that is actively used for the hosting of information and information systems that are accessed by other systems or by users on other devices.

(j)? The term “distributed energy resource” has the same meaning as set forth in?18 C.F.R. 35.28(b)(10).

(k)? The term “Federal Permitting Agencies” refers to the agency members of the Federal Permitting Improvement Steering Council (Permitting Council) established under section 41002 of the Fixing America’s Surface Transportation (FAST) Act, 42 U.S.C. 4370m-1, as well as any other agency with authority to issue a Federal permit or approval required for the development or operation of AI infrastructure.

(l)? The term “Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program” refers to the program established to provide an approach for the adoption and use of cloud services by the Federal Government, as codified in 44 U.S.C. 3607-3616 (as enacted by the FedRAMP Authorization Act, section 5921 of Public Law 117-263).

(m)? The term “frontier AI data center” means an AI data center capable of being used to develop, within a reasonable time frame, an AI model with characteristics related either to performance or to the computational resources used in its development that approximately match or surpass the state of the art at the time of the AI model’s development.

(n)? The term “frontier AI infrastructure” means AI infrastructure for which the relevant data center is a frontier AI data center.

(o)? The term “frontier AI training” refers to the act of developing an AI model with characteristics related either to performance or to the computational resources used in its development that approximately match or surpass the state of the art at the time of the AI model’s development.

(p)? The term “generation resource” means a facility that produces electricity.

(q)? The terms “interconnection,” “interconnection facilities,” and “point of interconnection” refer to facilities and equipment that physically and electrically connect generation resources or electrical load to the electric grid for the purpose of the delivery of electricity, for which grid operators have granted all appropriate approvals required for those facilities and equipment to operate.

(r)? The term “lab-security measures” refers to steps to detect, prevent, or mitigate physical, cyber, or other threats to the operation of a data center, to the integrity of information or other assets stored within it, or of unauthorized access to such information or assets.

(s)? The term “leading-edge logic semiconductors” refers to semiconductors produced at high volumes using extreme ultraviolet lithography tools as defined by the CHIPS Incentives Program Notice of Funding Opportunity, 2023-NIST-CHIPS-CFF-01.

(t)? The term “model weight” means a numerical parameter within an AI model that helps determine the model’s outputs in response to inputs.

(u)? The term “new source review” refers to the permitting program with this name in 40 C.F.R. parts 51 or 52.

(v)? The term “non-Federal parties” refers to private-sector entities that enter into a contract with the Department of Defense or the Department of Energy pursuant to section 4(g) of this order.

(w)? The term “priority geothermal zone” refers to lands with high potential for the development of geothermal power generation resources, as designated by the Secretary of the Interior, including pursuant to section 4(c) of this order.

(x)? The term “project labor agreement” means a pre-hire collective bargaining agreement that establishes the terms and conditions of a construction project.

(y) ?The term “surplus interconnection service” has the same meaning as set forth in Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Order No. 845.

(z)? The terms “transmission facilities” and “transmission infrastructure” mean equipment or structures, including transmission lines and related facilities, used for the purpose of delivering electricity.

(aa) ?The term “transmission organization” refers to a Regional Transmission Organization or an Independent System Operator.

(bb) ?The term “transmission provider” means an entity that manages or operates transmission facilities for the delivery of electric energy used primarily by the public and that is not a transmission organization.

(cc)? The term “waters of the United States” has the same meaning as set forth in 33 C.F.R. 328.3(a).

Sec. 4. ?Establishing Federal Sites for AI Infrastructure.? (a)? By February 28, 2025, the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Energy shall, if possible, each identify a minimum of 3 sites on Federal land managed by their respective agencies that may be suitable for the agencies to lease to non-Federal entities for the construction and operation of a frontier AI data center, as well as for the construction and operation of clean energy facilities to serve the data center, by the end of 2027. ?In identifying these sites, each Secretary shall, as feasible and appropriate, seek to prioritize sites that possess the following characteristics, as consistent with the objective of fully permitting and approving work to construct a frontier AI data center at each site by the end of 2025:

(i) ????inclusion of sufficient terrain with appropriate land gradients, soil durability, and other topographical characteristics for frontier AI data centers;?

(ii) ???minimized adverse effects from AI infrastructure development or operation on local communities’ health, wellbeing, and resource access; natural or cultural resources; threatened or endangered species; and harbors or river improvements not associated with hydropower generation resources;

(iii) ??proximity to any communities seeking to host AI infrastructure, including for reasons related to local workers’ access to jobs involved in designing, building, maintaining, and operating data centers;

(iv)? ??ready access and proximity to high-voltage transmission infrastructure that minimizes the scale of, cost of, and timeline to develop any transmission upgrades or development needed to interconnect AI infrastructure, in consideration of access and proximity to: ?

(A)? high-capacity transmission infrastructure with unused capacity, as identified by collection activities described in section 6 of this order;

(B)? any planned generation facilities that can enable delivery of electricity to an AI data center on the site managed by each Secretary’s respective agency, that possess an executed interconnection agreement with a transmission provider, that do not possess an executed power purchase agreement, and for which construction has not yet begun;

(C)? any lands that the Secretary of the Interior identifies pursuant to subsection (c) of this section; and

(D)? any power generation facilities with high clean repowering potential;

(v)? ???location within geographic areas that are not at risk of persistently failing to attain National Ambient Air Quality Standards, and where the total cancer risk from air pollution is at or below the national average according to the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) 2020 AirToxScreen;

(vi)? ??lack of proximity to waters of the United States for purposes of permitting requirements;

(vii) ??lack of extensive restrictions on land uses associated with constructing and operating AI infrastructure or on access to necessary rights-of-way for such activities;

(viii)? ready access to high-capacity telecommunications networks;

(ix) ???suitability for the development of access roads or other temporary infrastructure necessary for the construction of AI infrastructure; and

(x)? ???absence of other characteristics that would, if the site was used or repurposed for AI infrastructure, compromise a competing national security concern as determined by the relevant Secretary in consultation with the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs. ?

(b)? By March 15, 2025, the Secretary of the Interior, acting through the Director of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Energy, and the Chair of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, shall identify sites managed by BLM that the Secretary of the Interior, acting through the Director of BLM, deems may be suitable for granting or issuing rights of way to private-sector entities to construct and operate additional clean energy facilities that are being or may be built as components of frontier AI infrastructure developed pursuant to this section. ?In performing this work, the Secretary of the Interior, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Energy, shall take steps to ensure where feasible and appropriate that any such sites identified under this subsection include sufficient acreage for developing clean generation resources that can deliver sufficient electricity to each site identified under subsection (a) of this section for matching the capacity needs of frontier AI data centers on the latter sites. ?The sites identified under this subsection shall include any land managed by the Department of the Interior that is within a region designated by the Secretary of the Interior under subsection (c) of this section, or a region preliminarily identified as a candidate for such designation. ?In determining the suitability of sites, the Secretary of the Interior, acting through the Director of BLM, shall prioritize identification of sites that: ?

(i) ???contain completed, permitted, or planned clean generation projects that can enable delivery of electricity as described in this subsection and possess an executed interconnection agreement with a transmission provider;

(ii) ??have been allocated as available for solar applications in the?Final Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement and Proposed Resource Management Plan Amendments for Utility-Scale Solar Energy Development, published by BLM, or that have otherwise been allocated as available for clean-energy applications in a BLM resource management plan;

(iii)? have reasonable access to and are located nearby existing high-voltage transmission lines that have at least one gigawatt of additional capacity available, or for which such capacity can be reasonably developed through reconductoring, grid-enhancing technologies, or transmission upgrades;

(iv)? ?possess the characteristics described in subsections (a)(i)-(x) of this section, in a manner that is consistent with the objective of fully permitting and approving work to construct utility-scale power facilities on a timeline that allows for the operation of those facilities by the end of 2027 or as soon as feasible thereafter; and

(v)? ??possess other characteristics conducive to enabling new clean power development at such sites to contribute to lower regional electricity prices or to bring other community benefits.

(c) ?By March 15, 2025, the Secretary of the Interior, acting through the Director of BLM and in consultation with the Secretary of Energy, shall, if possible, designate at least five regions composed of lands or subsurface areas managed by the Department of the Interior as Priority Geothermal Zones (PGZs). ?The Secretary of the Interior shall designate those regions based on their potential for geothermal power generation resources, including hydrothermal and next-generation geothermal power and thermal storage; diversity of geological characteristics; and possession of the characteristics described in subsections (a)(i)-(x) and (b)(i)-(v) of this section.

(d)? The Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Energy, ?and the Secretary of the Interior shall each make a legal determination as to whether each site identified pursuant to subsections (a) and (b) of this section is available for lease or for the issuance of a right of way, as appropriate, pursuant to the authority of the Secretary that made the identification, and as to whether the Secretary has the legal authority to lease or grant a right of way over or upon each site identified for the construction of frontier AI infrastructure.? For purposes of this order, a site shall be considered “cleared” under this subsection if the relevant Secretary has determined that the site is available for lease and the Secretary concerned has the authority to lease it. ???

(e) ?By March 31, 2025, the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Energy, in coordination with the heads of any other agencies that either Secretary deems appropriate, shall coordinate to design, launch, and administer competitive public solicitations of proposals from non-Federal entities to lease Federal land to construct frontier AI infrastructure, including frontier AI data centers, on sites identified under subsection (a) of this section and cleared under subsection (d) of this section, if any. ?When issuing the solicitations, the Secretaries shall announce the sites identified under subsection (a) of this section and cleared under subsection (d) of this section, if any, and additional relevant information including the sites’ geographic coordinates, technical characteristics, proximity to sites identified consistent with subsection (b) of this section and cleared under subsection (d) of this section, if any, and other relevant information. ?The solicitations shall, to the extent consistent with applicable law and to the extent the Secretaries agree that such requirements promote national defense, national security, or the public interest, as appropriate, require applicants to identify particular sites on which they propose to construct and operate frontier AI infrastructure; submit a detailed plan specifying proposed timelines, financing methods, and technical construction plans associated with such construction work, including a contingency plan for decommissioning infrastructure on Federal sites; submit a plan that describes proposed frontier AI training work to occur at the site once operational; submit a plan for detailing the extent of the use of high labor and construction standards as described in subsection (g)(viii) of this section; and submit a plan with proposed lab-security measures, including personnel and material access requirements, that could be associated with the operation of frontier AI infrastructure. ?These requirements should be designed to ensure adequate collection of information from applicants regarding the criteria in subsections (g)(i)-(xvi) of this section. ?The solicitations shall close within 30 days of their issuance.

(f)? By March 31, 2025, the Secretary of the Interior, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Energy, shall publicize the sites identified under subsection (b) of this section and cleared under subsection (d) of this section, if any, and additional relevant information including the sites’ geographic coordinates, technical characteristics, proximity to sites identified consistent with subsection (a) of this section and cleared under subsection (d) of this section, if any, and other relevant information. ?

(g)? By June 30, 2025, the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Energy shall announce any winning proposals identified through solicitations described in subsection (e) of this section. ?In selecting any winning proposals, the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Energy shall, in consultation with each other, assign winners the opportunity to apply for any Federal permits needed to build and operate frontier AI infrastructure pursuant to the frameworks described in subsection (h) of this section on any sites included in the solicitations issued under subsection (e) of this section, as the Secretaries deem appropriate. ?The Secretaries shall consult with the Attorney General on the implications of selections on the competition and market-structure characteristics of the broader AI ecosystem.? The Chair of the Federal Trade Commission is encouraged to participate in these consultations. ?The Secretaries shall, to the extent consistent with applicable law and to the extent that the Secretaries assess that the requirement promotes?national defense, national security, or the public interest, as appropriate, select at least one proposal developed and submitted jointly by a consortium of two or more small- or medium-sized organizations — as determined by those organizations’ market capitalization, revenues, or similar characteristics — provided that the Secretaries receive at least one such proposal that meets the appropriate qualifications. ?The Secretaries shall provide technical assistance, as appropriate, to small- or medium-sized organizations seeking to submit proposals. ?The criteria for selecting winning proposals shall include, at a minimum, consideration of the following characteristics of the applicants and any identified partner organizations, to the extent consistent with applicable law and to the extent that the Secretaries agree that the listed characteristics promote national defense, national security, or the public interest, as appropriate:

(i)? ???proposed financing mechanisms and sources of funds secured or likely to be secured for work to be performed at the site;

(ii) ???plans for ensuring high-quality AI training operations to be executed at the site by the applicant or third-party partners;

(iii)? ?plans for maximizing energy, water, and other resource efficiency, including waste-heat utilization in constructing and operating the AI data center at the site, the strength of the proposed energy master plan for the site, and the quality of analysis of potential strains on local communities;

(iv) ???safety and security measures, including cybersecurity measures, proposed to be implemented at the site, and capabilities for such implementation;

(v) ?????capabilities and acumen of applicable AI scientists, engineers, and other workforce essential to the operation of AI infrastructure;

(vi) ???plans for commercializing or otherwise deploying or advancing deployment of appropriate intellectual property, including AI model weights, developed at the site, as well as plans for commercializing or otherwise deploying or advancing deployment of innovations related to power generation and transmission infrastructure developed in the course of building or operating AI infrastructure;

(vii) ??plans to help ensure that the construction and operation of AI infrastructure does not increase electricity costs to other ratepayers or water costs to consumers, including, as appropriate, through appropriate proposed or recommended future engagement with any applicable regulatory authorities and State, Tribal, or local governments;

(viii)? plans to use high labor standards that help ensure continuous and high-quality work performed on the site, such as paying prevailing wages; hiring registered apprentices; promoting positive labor-management relations through a project labor agreement; and otherwise adopting high job quality and labor standards for the construction and operations workforce as set forth in Executive Order 14126 of September 6, 2024 (Investing in America and Investing in American Workers), and a plan to address labor-related risks associated with the development and use of AI;

(ix) ???design features and operational controls and plans that mitigate potential environmental effects and implement strong community health, public safety, and environmental protection measures;

(x) ????other benefits to the community and electric grid infrastructure surrounding the site;

(xi) ???experience completing comparable construction projects;

(xii) ??experience in compliance with Federal, State, and local permits and environmental reviews relevant to construction and operation of AI infrastructure or, in the alternative, other evidence of an ability to obtain and comply with such permits or reviews in an efficient manner;

(xiii) ?the presence of organizational and management structures to help ensure sound governance of work performed at the site;

(xiv) ??the effect of the selection of an applicant on the emergence of an interoperable, competitive AI ecosystem;

(xv)?? ?whether an applicant has already been assigned an opportunity, or is being assigned another opportunity, to build a frontier AI data center on a Federal site through the solicitation process described in this section; and

(xvi) ??other considerations of national defense, national security, or the public interest, including economic security, as the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Energy deem appropriate.

(h)? By June 30, 2025, the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Energy, in consultation with the Secretary of the Interior, shall each develop a framework through which any winning applicants selected under subsection (g) of this section may apply to lease sites respectively identified under subsection (a) of this section, and cleared under subsection (d) of this section, to construct and operate AI infrastructure, and by which the applicants may own the AI infrastructure facilities on those sites, subject to the conditions described in subsections (i)-(x) of this subsection. ?To the extent that the Secretaries assess that it is consistent with national defense, national security, or the public interest, as appropriate, these frameworks shall allow for winning applicants to cooperate with other appropriate private-sector entities on construction and operation activities, including through contracting and subcontracting relationships, and the frameworks shall not require that parties proposing to own AI infrastructure be identical to those proposing to operate the infrastructure or perform work at the sites on which the infrastructure is located. ?Actions taken by Federal entities pursuant to the frameworks shall conform to any applicable requirements of Appendix B of Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-11 and any other appropriate budget-scoring practices; applicable in-kind consideration shall be taken into account in calculating the cost to lessees of any such leases. ?As part of the foregoing work, the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Energy shall, to the extent consistent with their respective authorities and with national defense, national security, or the public interest, as appropriate, require lease or contract terms that accomplish the following: ?

(i) ????establish a target of the applicant’s beginning construction of a frontier AI data center by January 1, 2026, and commencing full-capacity operation of the AI infrastructure by December 31, 2027, subject to fulfillment of relevant statutory and regulatory requirements, and in a manner consistent with opportunities to operate the infrastructure at or below full capacity at an earlier date;

(ii) ???require that, concurrent with operating a frontier AI data center on a Federal site, non-Federal parties constructing, owning, or operating AI infrastructure have procured sufficient new clean power generation resources with capacity value to meet the frontier AI data center’s planned electricity needs, including by providing power that matches the data center’s timing of electricity use on an hourly basis and is deliverable to the data center;

(iii) ??clarify that non-Federal parties bear all responsibility for paying any costs that parties to the frameworks described in subsection (h) of this section, as well as transmission providers or transmission organizations or other entities not party to the contract, incur from work pursuant to it, including costs of work performed by agencies to complete necessary environmental reviews, any costs related to the procurement of clean power generation resources and capacity in accordance with subsection (g)(ii) of this section, any costs of decommissioning AI infrastructure on Federal sites, any costs of developing transmission infrastructure needed to serve a frontier AI data center on a Federal site, and the fair market value of leasing and using applicable Federal lands;

(iv) ???require adherence to technical standards and guidelines for cyber, supply-chain, and physical security for protecting and controlling any facilities, equipment, devices, systems, data, and other property, including AI model weights, that are developed, acquired, modified, used, or stored at the site or in the course of work performed on the site. ?The Secretary of Commerce, acting through the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Director of the AI Safety Institute (AISI) at NIST, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Energy, and the Director of National Intelligence, shall identify available standards and guidelines to which adherence shall be required under this subsection. ?The identified standards should reflect and incorporate guidelines and best practices developed by the Secretary of Commerce, acting through the Director of NIST, pursuant to Executive Order 14028 of May 12, 2021 (Enhancing United States Cybersecurity), and Executive Order 14110 of November 1, 2023 (Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence). ?The Secretary of Commerce, acting through the Director of AISI at NIST, shall support the ongoing improvement of the framework described in this subsection by developing security guidelines for frontier AI training and operation and, as part of this work, shall comprehensively evaluate the security implications of publicly available AI models that the Secretary of Commerce, acting through the Director of AISI at NIST, deems globally significant; ?

(v)?????require that non-Federal parties owning or operating frontier AI data centers sign a memorandum of understanding with the Secretary of Commerce, acting through the Director of AISI at NIST, to facilitate collaborative research and evaluations on AI models developed, acquired, modified, run, or stored at the site or in the course of work performed on the site, for the purpose of assessing the national-security or other significant risks of those models;

(vi) ???require non-Federal parties to report information about investments or financial capital from any person used or involved in the development (including construction), ownership, or operation of AI infrastructure on the site and in the development, operation, or use of AI models operating in such AI infrastructure, as appropriate to evaluate risks to national security; and require non-Federal parties to limit the involvement in any such activities of, or the use or involvement in any such activities of investments or financial capital from, any person whom the Secretaries of Defense or Energy deem appropriate on national security grounds;

(vii) ??require non-Federal parties owning or operating AI data centers on Federal sites to take appropriate steps to advance the objective of harnessing AI, with appropriate safeguards, for purposes of national security, military preparedness, and intelligence operations, including with respect to the objectives and work outlined in NSM-25. ?Such steps shall, as consistent with applicable legal authorities, include collaborating with the Federal Government on regularly recurring assessments of the national-security implications of AI models developed on Federal sites, as appropriate. ?In addition, as appropriate and consistent with any relevant Federal procurement laws and regulations, the non-Federal parties shall be required to commit to providing access to such models, and critical resources derivative of such models, to the Federal Government for national-security applications at terms at least no less favorable than current market rates, consistent with NSM-25 and the associated Framework to Advance AI Governance and Risk Management in National Security. ?To the extent feasible, AI models and resources derived from them shall be developed and provided to the Federal Government in a manner that prevents vendor lock-in and supports interoperability, including as consistent with the measures in section 5 of OMB Memorandum M-24-18;

(viii)? require that non-Federal parties owning or operating frontier AI data centers on Federal sites develop plans to make available computational resources that are not dedicated to supporting frontier AI training, or otherwise allocated under another provision, for commercial use by startups and small firms on nondiscriminatory terms and in a manner that minimizes barriers to interoperability, entry, or exit for users;

(ix) ???require non-Federal parties owning or operating AI infrastructure on Federal sites to explore the availability of clean energy resources — such as geothermal power generation resources and thermal storage, long-duration storage paired with clean energy, and carbon capture and sequestration as described in section 3(e) of this order, as well as beneficial uses of waste heat — at any appropriate sites that those parties lease for purposes of constructing frontier AI data centers on Federal sites or procuring power generation capacity to serve these data centers; and

(x)? ???require AI developers owning and operating frontier AI data centers on Federal sites either to procure, for use in the development of their data centers, an appropriate share (as measured by monetary value) of leading-edge logic semiconductors fabricated in the United States to the maximum extent practicable; or to develop and implement a plan, subject to the respective approval of the Secretary of Defense or the Secretary of Energy, to qualify leading-edge logic semiconductors fabricated in the United States for use in the developer’s data centers as soon as practicable. ?The Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Energy shall develop any such requirements — including any determinations about amounts of leading-edge logic semiconductors that may be considered “appropriate” — in consultation with the Secretary of Commerce. ?

(i)??Within 1 year of the date of this order and consistent with applicable law, the Secretary of Defense, in consultation with the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Energy, the Secretary of Homeland Security, the Director of National Intelligence, and the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, shall issue regulations that prescribe heightened safeguards to protect computing hardware acquired, developed, stored, or used on any sites on which frontier AI infrastructure is located and that are managed by the Department of Defense, as needed to implement or build upon the objectives of, or the requirements established pursuant to, subsection 4(g)(iv). ?The regulations shall include requirements to conform with appropriate high-impact level standards identified through the Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program, and they shall further provide for appropriate penalties consistent with applicable authorities. ?No less than annually the Secretary of Defense, in consultation with the aforementioned individuals, shall review the need for updates to the regulations, and promulgate any necessary revisions. ?The Secretary of Energy shall impose substantively the same requirements with respect to frontier AI infrastructure on sites managed by the Department of Energy, to the extent authorized by law.

(j)? To enable the use — for advancing geothermal power development, including the development of thermal storage — of Federal lands already subject to leases:

(i) ??Within 180 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of the Interior shall establish a program with personnel dedicated to providing technical assistance for, streamlining, and otherwise advancing direct-use leasing of geothermal projects on BLM lands, including as consistent with the policies set forth in 43 C.F.R. subpart 3205, and leases of geothermal projects on lands subject to mining claims or under an oil and gas lease.

(ii)? When issuing leases and related authorizations for geothermal projects, the Secretary of the Interior shall consider the extent to which the requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), 42 U.S.C. 4321?et seq., the Endangered Species Act, 16 U.S.C. 1531?et seq., and other appropriate statutes have been satisfied by prior analyses of the lease area. ?

(k)? In performing the work described in section 4 of this order, including as related to the selection and management of sites, the head of each respective Federal agency shall:

(i) ???consult, as appropriate and consistent with applicable law, Executive Order 13175 of November 6, 2000 (Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal Governments), and the Presidential Memorandum of November 30, 2022 (Uniform Standards for Tribal Consultation), with Tribal Nations for which such work may have implications or who otherwise request such consultation;

(ii)? ?seek input from, as appropriate and consistent with applicable law and Administration policies, with State and local governments and other stakeholders and communities for which such work may have implications; and

(iii)? consider taking actions that present the greatest opportunities to support the goals described in?Safely and Responsibly Expanding U.S. Nuclear Energy: Deployment Targets and A Framework for Action?(November 2024).

Sec. 5. ?Protecting American Consumers and Communities. ?(a)? Within 180 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of Energy, in consultation with the Chair of the Council of Economic Advisors and the heads of other agencies that the Secretary deems appropriate, shall submit a report to the President on the potential effects of AI data centers on electricity prices for consumers and businesses.? This report shall include electricity-rate-structure best practices for appropriate Federal agencies, State regulators, and transmission providers and transmission organizations to promote procurement of clean energy generation resources as components of AI infrastructure without increasing costs for other customers through cost-allocation processes or other mechanisms — particularly in regions that have or are expected to have high concentrations of AI infrastructure — as well as regional analyses of key data center hubs. ?The report shall further account for any existing approaches developed by Federal agencies to engage transmission providers and State regulators regarding electricity prices. ?After submitting the report, the Secretary of Energy shall engage appropriate private-sector entities, to include the winning applicants selected under subsection 4(g) of this order, on the report’s findings and recommendations.

(b)? The Secretary of Energy shall provide technical assistance to State public utility commissions to consider rate structures, including clean transition tariffs and any other appropriate structures identified under subsection (a) of this section, to enable new AI infrastructure to use clean energy without causing unnecessary increases in electricity or water prices.

(c)? The Secretary of Energy and the heads of other appropriate agencies as the Secretary of Energy deems appropriate, shall coordinate to expand research-and-development efforts related to AI data center efficiency. ?Supported research and development shall cover, as appropriate, efficiency considerations associated with data center buildings, including the data center shell; electrical systems; heating, ventilation, and cooling infrastructure; software; and beneficial use cases for wastewater heat from data center operations. ?As part of this work, the Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of Energy shall submit a report to the President identifying appropriate ways that agencies can advance industry-wide data center energy efficiency through research and development, including server consolidation; hardware efficiency; virtualization; optimized cooling and airflow management; and power management, monitoring, and capacity planning.

(d)? In implementing this order with respect to AI infrastructure on Federal sites, the heads of relevant agencies shall prioritize taking appropriate measures to keep electricity costs low for households, consumers, and businesses.

(e)? Within 180 days of the date of this order, the Director of OMB, in consultation with the Chair of the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ), shall evaluate best practices for public participation and governmental engagement in the development of potential siting and energy-related infrastructure for data centers, to include practices for seeking input on potential health, safety, and environmental impacts and mitigation measures for nearby communities. ?The Director shall present recommendations to the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Energy, who shall — as feasible and appropriate, and to advance the goals of assuring effective governmental engagement and meaningful public participation — implement and incorporate these recommendations into their siting and related decision-making processes regarding AI infrastructure.

Sec. 6. ?Facilitating Electric Grid Interconnections for Federal Sites. ?(a)? Within 60 days of the date of this order, for the purpose of supporting any winning applicants of the solicitations described in subsection 4(e) of this order, the Secretary of Energy shall establish requirements for transmission providers and transmission organizations to report to the Secretary information regarding surplus interconnection service; available transmission capacity for interconnecting generators; opportunities for clean repowering; and proposed, planned, or initiated projects to build clean power generation capacity for which construction is not complete, but which have executed generation interconnection agreements. ?Information requested regarding these proposed, planned, or initiated projects shall include the size, location, and generation technology for each such clean power generation project, as well as the status and estimated cost of any transmission upgrades necessary to enable that project’s interconnection consistent with the interconnection agreement. ?The Secretary shall facilitate communication, as appropriate, among the owners of such surplus interconnection service, facilities with opportunities for clean repowering, or clean power generator projects and winning applicants to the solicitations described in subsection 4(e) of this order. ?The Secretary shall further establish appropriate requirements for transmission providers and transmission organizations to continue reporting information described in this subsection on an ongoing basis, and in any event no less than annually.

(b) ?Within 120 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of Energy shall identify and communicate, as appropriate, a prioritized list of underutilized points of interconnection that are relevant to AI infrastructure on Federal sites and that demonstrate the highest potential for uses associated with AI infrastructure.? In developing this list, the Secretary shall direct transmission providers and transmission organizations to identify areas of the transmission network best suited to serve as points of interconnection for either data centers or other AI infrastructure that will use electricity from the transmission system — and locations best suited for interconnection of clean generators to serve such data centers — considering criteria such as minimizing the need for transmission upgrades necessary to accommodate such interconnection and access to clean energy generation resources. ??

(c)? By June 30, 2025, the Secretary of Energy, in coordination with the Secretary of Defense and in consultation, as appropriate, with the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Agriculture, shall engage with transmission providers and transmission organizations owning, operating, or maintaining transmission infrastructure located near Federal sites selected for AI infrastructure to identify any grid upgrades, deployment of advanced transmission technologies such as high-performance conductors or grid-enhancing technologies, operational changes, or other steps expected to be required for extending interconnection services to AI infrastructure by the end of 2027. ?Such engagements shall continue as the parties deem appropriate, and they shall prioritize, as appropriate, efforts to enable use of surplus interconnection services, clean repowering, and other methods of accelerated shifts toward clean power and beneficial use of waste heat. ?The engagements shall also include consideration of ways that the performance of such work as described in this subsection can most contribute to lower regional electricity prices.

(d)? The Secretary of Energy shall conduct an analysis of currently available transmission infrastructure serving potential sites, and the likely cost and feasibility of, and timeline for, developing additional such infrastructure needed for constructing and operating a frontier AI data center on sites identified under subsection 4(a) of this order, and cleared under subsection 4(d) of this order, including by providing the frontier AI data center with clean energy and capacity. ?The Secretary shall identify and collect from transmission providers and transmission organizations information that the Secretary deems necessary for the analysis required under this subsection. ?The Secretary shall, as appropriate, treat such information as critical electric infrastructure information.

Sec. 7.??Expeditiously Processing Permits for Federal Sites. ?(a)? The heads of Federal Permitting Agencies shall prioritize work and exercise all applicable authorities, as appropriate, to expedite the processing of permits and approvals required for the construction and operation of AI infrastructure on Federal sites, with the goal of issuing all permits and approvals required for construction by the end of 2025 or as soon as they can be completed consistent with applicable law. ?As part of this work, the Permitting Council may provide coordination of permitting for AI infrastructure on Federal sites, as appropriate and to the extent that the relevant developers of AI infrastructure submit a notice of the initiation of a proposed covered project under 42 U.S.C. 4370m-2 and the project is determined to be such a covered project by the Permitting Council. ?

(b)? To facilitate expeditious implementation of the requirements under NEPA with respect to Federal sites:

(i)? ??The Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of the Interior, and the Secretary of Energy shall identify, within their respective agencies, personnel dedicated to performing NEPA reviews of projects to construct and operate AI infrastructure on Federal sites.

(ii) ??The Secretary of Defense, in consultation with the Secretary of the Interior, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Commerce, and the Secretary of Energy, shall undertake a programmatic environmental review, on a thematic basis, of the environmental effects — and opportunities to mitigate those effects — involved with the construction and operation of AI data centers, as well as of other components of AI infrastructure as the Secretary of Defense deems appropriate. ?The review shall conclude, with all appropriate documents published, on the date of the close of the solicitations described in subsection 4(e) of this order, or as soon thereafter as possible. ?The review shall, as applicable, incorporate by reference previously developed environmental studies, surveys, and impact analyses, including the analysis described in subsection 4(b)(ii) of this order.

(iii)? After the conclusion of the programmatic review described in subsection (b)(ii) of this section, the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of the Interior, the Secretary of Energy, and the heads of other relevant agencies, as appropriate, shall commence any further environmental reviews that are required under NEPA for the construction and operation of AI infrastructure on Federal sites, including by applying any available categorical exclusions. ?Such reviews shall, as appropriate, build on or incorporate by reference the programmatic environmental review conducted under subsection (b)(ii) of this section, as well as any other studies, surveys, and impact analyses that the Secretaries deem appropriate.

(c)? To advance expeditious preconstruction permitting and ensure full compliance with air-quality permit requirements for AI infrastructure, the Administrator of the EPA, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Energy, shall:

(i) ???within 30 days of the selection of winning applications under subsection 4(g) of this order, engage State and local permitting authorities with jurisdiction over sites selected for AI infrastructure, as appropriate, to enhance relevant authorities’ understanding of the technical characteristics of AI infrastructure projects as relevant to new source reviews under the Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C.?7401?et seq., and to enhance the public’s understanding of the same, as well as to facilitate the acquisition of information by AI developers operating on Federal sites regarding best practices for expeditiously obtaining air-quality permits;

(ii) ??continue engagements with State and local permitting authorities, and provide technical assistance to AI developers operating on Federal sites, on an ongoing basis and as appropriate, to help advance expeditious conclusion of, and compliance with, new source reviews; and

(iii)? following the acquisition of all preconstruction air-quality permits by developers, take steps to ensure, on an ongoing basis and as appropriate, that AI developers operating on Federal sites adhere to all requirements of operational air-quality permits applicable to their respective projects; that information needed to demonstrate compliance, possibly including air-monitoring data, is made publicly available and regularly updated; and that best practices are identified for air-emissions reduction and air-quality monitoring regarding AI infrastructure on Federal sites.

(d)? To help ensure expeditious permitting or permission processes related to waters of the United States and harbor and river improvements, the Secretary of Defense shall prioritize work, as appropriate, to process applications for permits administered by the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) under the Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C. 1251?et seq., and to process applications for permission for appropriate projects under section 14 of the Act of March 3, 1899 (33 U.S.C. 408), as consistent with the statutes’ requirements, in order to render determinations on any such permits or permissions associated with AI infrastructure on Federal sites by the end of 2025, or as soon as feasible consistent with statutory requirements. ?The Secretary shall, consistent with applicable law, prioritize allocation of resources toward USACE district offices, and direct the allocation of resources within such offices, as needed to comply with this directive. ?The Secretary shall further apply all general permits applicable to AI infrastructure where appropriate to promote expeditious permitting on such Federal sites.

(e)? Within 30 days of the selection of any winning applications under subsection 4(g) of this order, the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Energy shall initiate Tribal consultations as applicable and appropriate based on the sites selected. ?Upon receipt of sufficient project information, the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Energy shall further initiate consultations with the Secretary of the Interior, acting through the Director of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), to ensure that the construction and operation of AI infrastructure on each site that is identified under subsection 4(a) of this order, cleared under subsection 4(d) of this order, and subsequently chosen as the location for the construction and operation of AI infrastructure pursuant to a winning application under subsection 4(g) of this order are not likely to jeopardize the continued existence of any endangered species or threatened species or result in the destruction or adverse modification of a critical habitat of such species. ?The Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Energy shall conclude such consultations with USFWS, to the maximum extent practicable, within 90 days of the initiation of such consultations when feasible and consistent with statutory requirements.

(f)? To advance the development of geothermal energy production and thermal storage, including in support of AI infrastructure on Federal sites:

(i) ???Within 60 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of the Interior shall undertake a programmatic environmental review, on a thematic basis, of the environmental impacts and associated mitigations involved with the construction and operation of a geothermal power plant. ?

(ii) ??By the date on which the review described in subsection (f)(i) of this section is completed, the Secretary of the Interior shall establish a target cumulative capacity of permitted or operational geothermal projects by a year that the Secretary shall designate.

(iii)? Within 60 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of the Interior shall assess existing categorical exclusions that are listed in the NEPA procedures of other agencies and could apply to actions taken in connection with geothermal energy development. ?The Secretary shall propose adopting such categorical exclusions as the Secretary, after consultation with the heads of agencies whose NEPA procedures list the categorical exclusions, deems appropriate, and, after considering all comments received through applicable public comment processes, take any actions to adopt categorical exclusions that are appropriate given the received comments, as consistent with the requirements of NEPA and 40 C.F.R. parts 1500-1508. ?The Secretary shall prioritize the expeditious permitting of geothermal projects, including the application of any appropriate categorical exclusions adopted under this subsection, on PGZs. ?The Secretary shall prioritize work to expeditiously permit geothermal projects on PGZs above the work described in subsection (f)(i) of this section.

(iv) ??When issuing leases and related authorizations for geothermal projects on PGZs, the Secretary of the Interior shall fulfill the requirements of NEPA and the Endangered Species Act in a manner that allows for the earliest possible operation of geothermal power plants consistent with applicable law. ?

(v) ???The Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of the Interior, and the Secretary of Energy shall, as appropriate, coordinate to determine and clarify appropriate procedures for the execution of leases or subleases for developing or expanding clean energy generation resources, including geothermal energy generation resources, on withdrawn lands subject to the jurisdiction of the Department of Defense or the Department of Energy.

Sec. 8.??Ensuring Adequate Transmission Infrastructure for Federal Sites. ?(a)? The Secretary of Energy, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of the Interior, shall take steps to enable AI infrastructure on Federal sites to have reliable access to transmission facilities adequate for the operation of frontier AI data centers by the end of 2027. ?

(b)? To promote any needed upgrades and development of transmission infrastructure that is located on or that is necessary to support Federal sites with AI infrastructure, the Secretary of Energy, in consultation with the Secretary of the Interior, acting through the Director of BLM and the Director of USFWS, shall:

(i) ??by September 30, 2025, identify and initiate use of all appropriate authorities to construct, finance, facilitate, and plan such upgrades and development, including through the Transmission Infrastructure Program administered by the Western Area Power Administration; and

(ii)? prioritize the allocation of staff and resources for developing transmission infrastructure needed to support AI infrastructure on Federal sites -? and in doing so, as appropriate, allocate relevant staff and resources from any component within the Department of Energy for this purpose -? consistent with the requirements and objectives of this order and applicable law.

(c)? Because of the importance of frontier AI infrastructure, including transmission capacity, to the defense industrial base, critical infrastructure, and military preparedness: ?

(i) ??The Secretary of Energy shall consider expected use of frontier AI data centers on Federal sites as part of the Secretary’s triennial study of electric transmission capacity constraints and congestion under section 216(a)(1) of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 824p(a)(1)).

(ii)? Consistent with the requirements of section 216(a)(2) of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 824p(a)(2)), and based on any findings made in future studies of electric transmission capacity constraints and congestion as described in subsection (c)(i) of this section, the Secretary shall consider whether to designate geographic areas around frontier AI infrastructure on Federal sites as national interest electric transmission corridors. ?

(d)? The Secretary of Energy shall, as appropriate, help ensure that transmission facilities upgraded or developed to support AI data centers on Federal sites: ?

(i) ??are designed to support all reasonably foreseeable electric loads, including through the deployment of grid-enhancing technologies, high-performance conductors, and other advanced transmission technologies, including those described in the Department of Energy’s?Innovative Grid Deployment?Liftoffreport, that will increase the capabilities of the transmission facilities on a timely and cost-effective basis; and

(ii)? conform to conductor efficiency standards or other technical standards or criteria that the Secretary determines will optimize facilities’ performance and cost-effectiveness.

(e)? To improve the timely availability of critical grid equipment for frontier AI infrastructure, such as electrical transformers, circuit breakers, switchgears, and cables, and to protect electricity consumers from exposure to rising equipment prices: ?

(i) ??Within 90 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Commerce, and the Secretary of Energy shall jointly consult with domestic suppliers of such technologies on the expected needs of AI infrastructure on Federal sites, suppliers’ current production plans, and opportunities for Government support in helping suppliers meet market demands.

(ii)? Within 180 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of Energy shall facilitate industry-led convenings on transformers and other critical grid components, which shall include appropriate representatives from agencies, transmission providers and transmission organizations, domestic suppliers of transformers, data center developers, and other private-sector organizations. ?On an ongoing basis, the Secretary, after consulting with participants in the industry-led convenings, shall: ?

(A)? on at least an annual basis, develop and publish supply and demand forecasts for transformers, including forecasts for different transformer variants and analyses of supply and demand trends under different future scenarios, which shall include scenarios for growth in electricity demand from AI infrastructure and other sources of demand; and

(B)? consider and, as appropriate, execute purchases of transformers and other critical grid components in order to provide demand certainty for domestic manufacturers to invest in capacity for meeting the needs of AI infrastructure. ?Any decision to execute such purchases shall be based on economic or other industry data, including the capacity utilization of domestic suppliers of transformers or other components, that the Secretary deems relevant to evaluating the status of the domestic industry. ?The Secretary shall subsequently execute sales of any purchased transformers or other critical grid components at times that the Secretary deems appropriate based on such data. ?

(f)??Within 180 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of Energy shall establish requirements for transmission providers and transmission organizations to report to the Secretary transmission-related information to assist in siting and accelerating the interconnection of generation resources to serve frontier AI data centers on sites identified under section 4(a) of this order and cleared under subsection 4(d) of this order. ?Such information may include data on transmission congestion to help identify where additional transmission investments could enable the development of additional transmission capacity to serve such AI data centers.

(g)? Within 180 days of the date of this order, the heads of agencies that possess loan or loan-guarantee authorities shall evaluate whether any such authorities could be used to support the development of AI infrastructure on Federal sites — including the production of critical grid equipment as described in subsection (e) of this section, or other actions to strengthen the AI infrastructure supply chain. ?In cases in which any authorities are available and appropriate for this purpose, the heads of relevant agencies shall provide that information to developers of AI infrastructure on Federal sites or other appropriate private-sector entities.

Sec. 9. ?Additional Efforts to Improve Permitting and Power Procurement Nationwide.? (a)? The heads of Federal Permitting Agencies shall designate, with respect to each of their component agencies, dedicated staff to handle all matters related to permits and approvals for AI infrastructure. ?Such designations shall include personnel dedicated to coordinating with and addressing the needs of applicants for permits under the respective agency’s purview. ?In designating such personnel, the heads of Federal Permitting Agencies shall, as appropriate, implement staffing arrangements and other mechanisms that accelerate permitting for AI infrastructure to the maximum extent possible.

(b)? To improve review practices pursuant to NEPA:

(i) ???Within 60 days of the date of this order, the heads of Federal Permitting Agencies, in coordination with the Chair of CEQ, shall assess existing categorical exclusions and identify opportunities to establish new categorical exclusions to support AI infrastructure on Federal sites, consistent with the requirements of NEPA and 40 C.F.R. parts 1500-1508. ?The heads of agencies whose NEPA regulations include categorical exclusions related to fiber-optic cables are encouraged, in undertaking these assessments, to evaluate whether such categorical exclusions may be applied to the development of fiber-optic cables as used for AI infrastructure.?

(ii) ??Within 120 days of the date of this order, the heads of Federal Permitting Agencies shall, as appropriate and consistent with applicable law, propose any new categorical exclusions and, after considering all comments received through applicable public comment processes, take any actions to establish categorical exclusions that are appropriate given the received comments.

(iii)? Within 120 days of the date of this order, and consistent with the directives described in section 7 of this order, the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of the Interior, the Secretary of Agriculture, and the Secretary of Energy shall identify any existing categorical exclusions that are listed in the NEPA procedures of other agencies and that are relevant?to the development of clean energy, electric transmission, or AI data centers and take any appropriate steps to adopt such categorical exclusions where appropriate and consistent with the requirements of NEPA and 40 C.F.R. parts 1500-1508. ?The Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of the Interior, the Secretary of Agriculture, and the Secretary of Energy shall take any appropriate steps to adopt and apply such categorical exclusions to AI infrastructure on Federal sites where consistent with the requirements of NEPA and 40 C.F.R. parts 1500-1508.

(c)? Within 180 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of Energy shall issue a request for information on opportunities for accelerated interconnection at existing power plants, including as related to surplus interconnection service and clean repowering. ?The request shall seek details on the ownership of such plants with surplus interconnection service and the plants’ suitability for colocation of new clean power generation resources with shared grid access. ?

(d)? Within 90 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of Energy shall issue a request for information from private-sector entities including transmission providers, transmission organizations, and clean energy developers regarding load interconnection processes. ?The Secretary shall subsequently engage with transmission providers and transmission organizations regarding best practices to improve the transparency and efficiency of such processes, including through adopting new technologies, software, and procedures. ?The Secretary shall provide technical assistance and financial assistance to facilitate such adoption, as appropriate. ?The Secretary shall publish a report describing the results of this work within 1 year of the date of this order.

(e)??To promote the expeditious, responsible development of nuclear power generation resources, the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Energy shall:

(i) ???seek to facilitate the deployment of additional nuclear power and, as relevant, supply-chain services on lands owned by, respectively, the Department of Defense and the Department of Energy — including Department of Defense installations and sites owned or managed by the Department of Energy National Laboratories — by, as appropriate and consistent with applicable law, identifying opportunities for such deployment on specific lands to the extent such opportunities exist and,?in the case of the Secretary of Energy only, by evaluating whether financial support for such deployment is appropriate;?

(ii)? ?within 180 days of the date of this order, coordinate to publish a joint list of ten high-priority sites — or, if fewer than ten appropriate sites exist, as many sites as possible — which may overlap with sites identified and cleared under section 4 of this order, that are most conducive to expeditious, safe, and responsible deployment of additional nuclear power capacity readily available to serve AI data center electricity demand by December 31, 2035, taking into account factors including Federal, State, Tribal, and local ordinances; permitting and other regulatory requirements; water access; climate resilience and natural-hazard risks; and transmission and interconnection dynamics; and

(iii) ?within 1 year of the date of this order, publish either a joint plan or their own respective plans describing how each Secretary will facilitate deployment of additional nuclear power capacity as described in this subsection on any such sites. ?Any such plan shall address selection of appropriate nuclear reactor technologies; the licensing and permitting of relevant technologies or facilities; the approach that each Secretary would take to ensure the safe and responsible transportation of uranium and any other radioactive material to the site; the approach that each Secretary would take to ensure the safe and responsible storage or disposal of any spent nuclear fuel; remediation of the site after the plant ceases operation as needed; and any other steps necessary to ensure the deployment will protect public health, safety, and the environment, consistent with all applicable legal requirements and the principles of the document entitled?Safely and Responsibly Expanding U.S. Nuclear Energy: Deployment Targets and a Framework for Action?(November 2024); and

(iv) ??when carrying out actions under this subsection, comply with the directives of section 4(k) of this order.

(f)???Within 180 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of Commerce, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Energy, and the White House Council on Supply Chain Resilience, shall submit a report to the President on supply chain risks applicable to the United States data center industry.? The report shall include analysis of supply chain risks associated with the materials used to construct and maintain data centers, the electronics necessary to operate a data center, and emerging data center technologies, as well as recommended steps for the Federal Government to take to address identified risks. ?The report shall also include analysis on supply chain risks applicable to the generation and transmission infrastructure needed to power AI data centers. ?On an ongoing basis, as appropriate, the Secretary of Commerce shall engage with the private sector to identify emerging supply chain risks that have the potential to undermine the success of the United States AI infrastructure industry — with such success defined to include the industry’s commercialization of emerging technologies — and to recommend policy solutions to address identified risks.

(g)? Within 180 days of the date of this order, to promote the expeditious, responsible development and deployment of distributed energy solutions that support the development and operation of AI infrastructure, the Secretary of Energy shall develop model contracts for using distributed energy resources (DERs) to increase the local grid’s capacity to support AI infrastructure. ?In developing such contracts, the Secretary shall consider options for cost-effective uses of DERs, including distribution-sited generation resources, energy storage assets, and opportunities for flexible management of electricity demand. ?The model contracts shall, as appropriate, include clauses providing for the owners of data centers to finance costs incurred by other entities in developing, installing, and operating DERs, consistent with the objective of utilities accounting for these financing activities when processing data center owners’ interconnection applications.

(h)? By July 31, 2025, the Permitting Council shall engage with developers of AI infrastructure to advance their understanding of resources available under title 41 of the Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act (Public Law 114–94) to accelerate permitting processes and reviews for clean energy projects that are part of AI infrastructure on Federal sites. ?As part of this work, the Permitting Council, in consultation with the White House Task Force on AI Datacenter Infrastructure announced on October 29, 2024, shall endeavor to engage small developers of AI infrastructure. ?

(i)? Within 180 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of the Army, acting through the Chief of Engineers and Commanding General of the USACE, shall, consistent with applicable law, assess existing nationwide permits (NWPs) to determine how they may be applied to facilitate the construction of AI data centers and develop and publish a list of NWPs that could facilitate such construction. ?The Secretary of the Army, acting through the Chief of Engineers and Commanding General of the USACE, shall, as appropriate and consistent with applicable law, subsequently establish such new NWPs as expediently as possible.

(j)? Within 60 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of Energy shall release for public comment draft reporting requirements for AI data centers covering all phases of AI data centers’ development and operation — including material extraction, component fabrication, transportation, construction, operation, recycling, and retirement — regarding embodied greenhouse gas emissions, water usage, and excess heat or energy expenditures, as distinct from operational intensity of greenhouse gas emissions. ?

(k)? Within 60 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of Energy, in coordination with the Administrator of the EPA and the Chair of CEQ, shall establish a grand challenge, serving as a call to voluntary action for appropriate private-sector and other stakeholders, for the purpose of:

(i) ???setting targets for minimizing the power usage effectiveness ratio and water usage effectiveness ratio of AI data centers, with a goal of bringing the power usage effectiveness ratio of AI data centers on Federal sites below 1.1;

(ii) ??promoting best practices for the beneficial use of waste heat and other efforts to maximize efficiency;

(iii)? promoting best practices for data center energy management and sustainable design and operational practices for data centers that avoid or reduce adverse effects on natural and cultural resources and communities, and that protect public health and the environment;

(iv) ??raising AI developer and user awareness regarding the comparative energy intensities of different computational tasks; and

(v) ???developing best practices and standards for software and algorithmic efficiency.

Sec. 10. ?Engagement Abroad.? (a)? Within 90 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Energy, the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development, the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, and the heads of other relevant agencies as the Secretary of State may deem appropriate, shall develop a plan for engaging allies and partners on accelerating the buildout of trusted AI infrastructure around the world. ?Such a plan shall include measures to advance collaboration on the global buildout of trusted AI infrastructure; mitigate and prevent harms to local and affected communities; engage the private sector and investor community to identify and mitigate barriers to AI infrastructure investments; support the deployment of commercially available reliable clean power sources and the development and commercialization of emerging clean energy technologies, such as small modular nuclear reactors; exchange best practices for permitting, power procurement, and cultivating talent to build, operate, and maintain trusted AI infrastructure; and strengthen cyber, physical, and supply chain security safeguards related to AI infrastructure. ?Within 1 year of the date of this order, the Secretary of State shall submit to the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs a report on actions taken pursuant to this plan.

(b)? Within 120 days of the date of this order, the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs shall convene heads of appropriate agencies, to include the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Energy, the Chief Executive Officer of the United States International Development Finance Corporation, and the President of the Export-Import Bank of the United States, to identify and implement actions to facilitate United States exports and engagements abroad related to advanced nuclear technologies and relevant supply-chain services.

Sec. 11.? General Provisions.? (a)? Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i)?? the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii)? the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b)? This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c)? This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

JOSEPH R. BIDEN JR.

THE WHITE HOUSE,

January 14, 2025.

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